3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

 

The following is a description of the principal activities from which the Company generates revenue that are within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

 

Trust and securities processing – Trust and securities processing income consists of fees earned on personal and corporate trust accounts, custody of securities services, trust investments and wealth management services, and mutual fund and alternative asset servicing. The performance obligations related to this revenue include items such as performing full bond trustee service administration, investment advisory services, custody and record-keeping services, and fund administrative and accounting services. These fees are part of long-term contractual agreements and the performance obligations are satisfied upon completion of service and fees are generally a fixed flat monthly rate or based on a percentage of the account’s market value per the contract with the customer. These fees are primarily recorded within the Company’s Institutional and Personal Banking segments.

 

Trading and investment banking – Trading and investment banking income consists of income earned related to the Company’s trading securities portfolio, including futures hedging, dividends, bond underwriting, and other securities incomes. The vast majority of this revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 320, Investments–Debt Securities, and ASC 321, Investments–Equity Securities, and is out of the scope of ASC 606. A portion of trading and investment banking represents fees earned for management fees, commissions, and underwriting of corporate bond issuances. The performance obligations related to these fees include reviewing the credit worthiness of the customer, ensuring appropriate regulatory approval and participating in due diligence. The fees are fixed per the bond prospectus and the performance obligations are satisfied upon registration approval of the bonds by the applicable regulatory agencies. Revenue is recognized at the point in time upon completion of service and when approval is granted by the regulators.

 

Service charges on deposits – Service charges on deposit accounts represent monthly analysis fees recognized for the services related to customer deposit accounts, including account maintenance and depository transactions processing fees. Commercial Banking and Institutional Banking depository accounts charge fees in accordance with the customer’s pricing schedule while Personal Banking account holders are generally charged a flat service fee per month. Deposit service charges for the healthcare accounts included in the Institutional Banking segment are priced according to either standard pricing schedules with individual account holders or according to service agreements between the Company and employer groups or third-party administrators. The Company satisfies the performance obligation related to providing depository accounts monthly as transactions are processed and deposit service charge revenue is recorded monthly. These fees are recognized within all Business Segments.

 

Insurance fees and commissions – Insurance fees and commissions includes all insurance-related fees earned, including commissions for individual life, variable life, group life, health, group health, fixed annuity, and variable

annuity insurance contracts. The performance obligations related to these revenues primarily represent the placement of insurance policies with the insurance company partners. The fees are based on the contracts with insurance company partners and the performance obligations are satisfied when the terms of the policy have been agreed to and the insurance policy becomes effective.

 

Brokerage fees – Brokerage fees represent income earned related to providing brokerage transaction services, including commissions on equity and commodity trades, and fees for investment management, advisory and administration. The performance obligations related to transaction services are executing the specified trade and are priced according to the customer’s fee schedule. Such income is recognized at a point in time as the trade occurs and the performance obligation is fulfilled. The performance obligations related to investment management, advisory and administration include allocating customer assets across a wide range of mutual funds and other investments, on-going account monitoring and re-balancing of the portfolio. These performance obligations are satisfied over time and the related revenue is calculated monthly based on the assets under management of each customer. All material performance obligations are satisfied as of the end of each accounting period.

 

Bankcard fees – Bankcard fees primarily represent income earned from interchange revenue from MasterCard and Visa for the Company’s processing of debit, credit, HSA, and flexible spending account transactions. Additionally, the Company earns income and incentives related to various referrals of customers to card programs. The performance obligation for interchange revenue is the processing of each transaction through the Company’s access to the banking system. This performance obligation is completed for each individual transaction and income is recognized per transaction in accordance with interchange rates established by MasterCard and Visa. The performance obligations for various referral and incentive programs include either referring customers to certain card products or issuing exclusively branded cards for certain customer segments. The pricing of these incentive and referral programs are in accordance with the agreement with the individual card partner. These performance obligations are completed as the referrals are made or over a period of time when the Company is exclusively issuing branded cards. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company also had $51.4 million, $39.4 million, and $39.7 million of expense, respectively, recorded within the Bankcard fees line on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income related to rebates and rewards programs that are outside of the scope of ASC 606. All material performance obligations are satisfied as of the end of each accounting period.

 

Investment securities gains, net – In the regular course of business, the Company recognizes gains and losses on the sale of available-for-sale securities. Additionally, the Company recognizes gains and losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair values and equity securities without readily determinable fair values. These gains and losses are recognized in accordance with ASC 320, Investments–Debt Securities, and ASC 321, Investments–Equity Securities, and are outside of the scope of ASC 606.

 

Other income – The Company recognizes other miscellaneous income through a variety of other revenue streams, the most material of which include letter of credit fees, certain loan origination fees, gains on the sale of assets, derivative income, and bank-owned and company-owned life insurance income. These revenue streams are outside of the scope of ASC 606 and are recognized in accordance with the applicable U.S. GAAP. The remainder of Other income is primarily earned through transactions with personal banking customers, including wire transfer service charges, stop payment charges, and fees for items like money orders and cashier’s checks. The performance obligations of these types of fees are satisfied as transactions are completed and revenue is recognized upon transaction execution according to established fee schedules with the customers.

 

The Company had no material contract assets, contract liabilities, or remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2025 or 2024. Total receivables from revenue recognized under the scope of ASC 606 were $116.1 million and $100.2 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These receivables are included as part of the Other assets line on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

The following tables depict the disaggregation of revenue according to revenue stream and Business Segment for the three years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. As stated in Note 12, “Business Segment Reporting,” for comparability purposes, amounts in all periods are based on methodologies in effect at December 31, 2025 and previously reported results have been reclassified in this filing to conform to the current organizational structure.

Disaggregated revenue is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2025

 

NONINTEREST INCOME

 

Commercial Banking

 

 

Institutional Banking

 

 

Personal Banking

 

 

Revenue (Expense) out of Scope of ASC 606

 

 

Total

 

Trust and securities processing

 

$

2,810

 

 

$

262,667

 

 

$

77,921

 

 

$

 

 

$

343,398

 

Trading and investment banking

 

 

 

 

 

695

 

 

 

 

 

 

24,610

 

 

 

25,305

 

Service charges on deposit accounts

 

 

61,898

 

 

 

41,697

 

 

 

9,477

 

 

 

134

 

 

 

113,206

 

Insurance fees and commissions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

910

 

 

 

 

 

 

910

 

Brokerage fees

 

 

277

 

 

 

68,740

 

 

 

10,575

 

 

 

 

 

 

79,592

 

Bankcard fees

 

 

105,359

 

 

 

29,353

 

 

 

30,513

 

 

 

(51,301

)

 

 

113,924

 

Investment securities gains, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30,967

 

 

 

30,967

 

Other

 

 

7,334

 

 

 

2,844

 

 

 

3,621

 

 

 

68,949

 

 

 

82,748

 

Total noninterest income

 

$

177,678

 

 

$

405,996

 

 

$

133,017

 

 

$

73,359

 

 

$

790,050

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2024

 

NONINTEREST INCOME

 

Commercial Banking

 

 

Institutional Banking

 

 

Personal Banking

 

 

Revenue (Expense) out of Scope of ASC 606

 

 

Total

 

Trust and securities processing

 

$

 

 

$

232,239

 

 

$

58,332

 

 

$

 

 

$

290,571

 

Trading and investment banking

 

 

 

 

 

1,131

 

 

 

 

 

 

23,095

 

 

 

24,226

 

Service charges on deposit accounts

 

 

42,309

 

 

 

36,665

 

 

 

5,425

 

 

 

113

 

 

 

84,512

 

Insurance fees and commissions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,257

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,257

 

Brokerage fees

 

 

267

 

 

 

53,532

 

 

 

7,765

 

 

 

 

 

 

61,564

 

Bankcard fees

 

 

78,422

 

 

 

27,262

 

 

 

21,395

 

 

 

(39,282

)

 

 

87,797

 

Investment securities gains, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10,720

 

 

 

10,720

 

Other

 

 

2,008

 

 

 

3,014

 

 

 

2,639

 

 

 

59,809

 

 

 

67,470

 

Total noninterest income

 

$

123,006

 

 

$

353,843

 

 

$

96,813

 

 

$

54,455

 

 

$

628,117

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2023

 

NONINTEREST INCOME

 

Commercial Banking

 

 

Institutional Banking

 

 

Personal Banking

 

 

Revenue (Expense) out of Scope of ASC 606

 

 

Total

 

Trust and securities processing

 

$

 

 

$

203,887

 

 

$

53,313

 

 

$

 

 

$

257,200

 

Trading and investment banking

 

 

 

 

 

298

 

 

 

 

 

 

19,332

 

 

 

19,630

 

Service charges on deposit accounts

 

 

38,358

 

 

 

40,578

 

 

 

5,918

 

 

 

96

 

 

 

84,950

 

Insurance fees and commissions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,009

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,009

 

Brokerage fees

 

 

374

 

 

 

46,395

 

 

 

7,350

 

 

 

 

 

 

54,119

 

Bankcard fees

 

 

71,632

 

 

 

19,823

 

 

 

22,246

 

 

 

(38,982

)

 

 

74,719

 

Investment securities losses, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3,139

)

 

 

(3,139

)

Other

 

 

762

 

 

 

2,835

 

 

 

2,582

 

 

 

47,186

 

 

 

53,365

 

Total noninterest income

 

$

111,126

 

 

$

313,816

 

 

$

92,418

 

 

$

24,493

 

 

$

541,853

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 27, 2025
2023Feb 22, 2024
2022Feb 23, 2023
2021Feb 24, 2022
2020Mar 1, 2021
2019Feb 27, 2020
2018Mar 1, 2019

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.