Revenue Recognition: The Company generates revenue from the production of automotive vehicle cockpit electronics parts sold to Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs"), or Tier 1 suppliers at the direction of the OEM, under long-term supply agreements supporting new vehicle production. Such agreements may also require related production for service parts subsequent to initial vehicle production periods.
The Company’s contracts with customers consist of various governing documents (such as long-term supply agreements, master purchase agreements, purchase orders and customer release orders) which do not reach the level of a performance obligation of the Company until the Company receives either a purchase order and/or a customer release order for a specific number of parts at a specified price, at which point the collective group of documents represent an enforceable contract. While the long-term supply agreements generally range from three to five years, customers make no commitments to volumes, and pricing or specifications can change prior to or during production. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the parts produced are transferred to the customer according to the terms of the contract, which is usually when the parts are shipped or delivered to the customer’s premises. Customers are generally invoiced upon shipment or delivery and payment generally occurs within 30 to 90 days and does not include significant financing components. Customer returns, when they occur, relate to quality rework issues and are not connected to any repurchase obligation of the Company. As of December 31, 2025, all unfulfilled performance obligations are expected to be satisfied within the next twelve months, consistent with customary automotive production cycles.
Revenue is measured based on the transaction price and the quantity of parts specified in a contract with a customer. Discrete price adjustments may occur during the vehicle production period in order for the Company to remain competitive with market prices or based on changes in product specifications. Some of these price adjustments are non-routine in nature and require
estimation. In the event the Company concludes that a portion of the revenue for a given part may vary from the purchase order, the Company records consideration at the most likely amount to which the Company expects to be entitled based on historical experience and input from customer negotiations. The Company records pricing accruals as adjustments to Net sales and Accounts receivable, net, within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. In addition, the Company periodically negotiates cost recoveries with its customers. Recoveries are recorded as adjustments to Net sales when agreements with customers become contractual. The Company adjusts its pricing reserves at the earlier of when the most likely amount of consideration changes or when the consideration becomes fixed. Revenue recognized in 2025 related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was immaterial.
Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction that are collected by the Company from a customer are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control of the parts has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in Cost of sales.
Engineering Costs and Pre‑Production Activities: Engineering, testing, and other design and development costs incurred in connection with customer programs are expensed as incurred unless reimbursement is contractually guaranteed under a customer agreement. When reimbursement is contractually guaranteed, the related engineering costs are capitalized as contract assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and subsequently reduced upon receipt of lump‑sum or piece‑price recoveries from the customer.
Repair and maintenance costs, engineering and other pre‑production costs that are not contractually guaranteed for reimbursement are expensed as incurred and classified within Cost of Sales. Pre‑production costs expensed represent engineering activities that are not contractually guaranteed for recovery. Engineering expenses include salaries and related employee benefits, contractor fees, information technology, occupancy, telecommunications, depreciation and amortization, forward model program development, and advanced engineering activities. Engineering expenses were $220 million, $191 million, and $210 million in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, including customer recoveries of $144 million, $143 million, and $120 million, respectively.