Estimated

         
  

Useful Life (years)

  

2025

  

2024

 

Property and equipment:

           

Office equipment, furniture and fixtures

 3 - 7   765,911   765,911 

Leasehold improvements

 8   199,532   199,532 

Total property and equipment

     965,443   965,443 

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization

     (600,635)  (484,071)

Property and equipment, net

    $364,808  $481,372 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.