Note 19 – Fair value measurements and financial instruments:

See Note 6 for information on how we determine the fair value of our marketable securities.

See Note 3 for additional details related to the acquisition earn-out liability.

Currency forward contract - In order to manage currency exchange rate risk associated with our €75 million 3.75% Senior Secured Notes that matured in September 2025, during the first quarter of 2025 Kronos entered into a euro currency forward contract to purchase €25 million at an exchange rate of €1.05 per U.S. dollar. The contract was settled in August 2025 resulting in cash proceeds of $2.8 million and a currency transaction gain of $2.8 million in 2025 included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. At December 31, 2025, Kronos had no currency forward contracts outstanding.

The following table presents the financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but which require fair value disclosure as of December 31, 2024 and 2025:

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2024

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

Carrying

Fair

Carrying

Fair

amount

value

amount

value

(In millions)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents

$

378.6

$

378.6

$

228.7

$

228.7

Long-term debt:

 

 

  ​

 

 

  ​

Kronos 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2029

 

365.4

 

403.4

 

503.7

 

469.9

Kronos 3.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2025

 

78.3

 

77.9

 

 

Kronos revolving credit facility

10.0

10.0

LandWell bank note payable

 

11.4

 

11.4

 

10.7

 

10.7

At December 31, 2025, the estimated market price of Kronos’ 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 was €937 per €1,000 principal amount. The fair value of Kronos’ 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 was based on quoted market prices; however, the quoted market price represented Level 2 inputs because the market in which the 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 trade was not active. Due to the variable interest rate, the carrying amount of Kronos’ revolving credit facility is deemed to approximate fair value. The fair value of other fixed-rate debt, which represents Level 2 inputs, is deemed to approximate carrying value. In addition, at December 31, 2025, Kronos has a $53.7 million subordinated, unsecured term loan payable to a related party, Contran, due September 2029, and Valhi has $23.6 million outstanding on an unsecured revolving credit facility with Contran. See Note 9. Due to their near-term maturities, the carrying amounts of accounts receivable and accounts payable are considered equivalent to fair value. See Notes 4 and 10.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 10, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 6, 2025
2020Mar 11, 2021

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.