13.
Taxes

Income Taxes

The components of the Company’s consolidated (loss) income before income taxes consist of the following:

 

Successor

 

 

 

Predecessor

 

 

Period from

 

 

 

Period from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

June 25, 2025

 

 

 

December 29, 2024

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended

 

 

through December 31, 2025

 

 

 

through June 24, 2025

 

 

December 28, 2024

 

 

December 30, 2023

 

Domestic

$

(23,816

)

 

 

$

1,097,178

 

 

$

(358,108

)

 

$

(222,260

)

Foreign

 

(4,501

)

 

 

 

22,594

 

 

 

12,933

 

 

 

148,628

 

 

$

(28,317

)

 

 

$

1,119,772

 

 

$

(345,175

)

 

$

(73,632

)

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s consolidated provision for U.S. federal, state and foreign income taxes:

 

Successor

 

 

 

Predecessor

 

 

Period from

 

 

 

Period from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

June 25, 2025

 

 

 

December 29, 2024

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended

 

 

through December 31, 2025

 

 

 

through June 24, 2025

 

 

December 28, 2024

 

 

December 30, 2023

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal

$

33,000

 

 

 

$

(32,521

)

 

$

6,369

 

 

$

1,330

 

State

 

1,079

 

 

 

 

(1

)

 

 

1,519

 

 

 

1,947

 

Foreign

 

8,980

 

 

 

 

7,959

 

 

 

19,216

 

 

 

15,525

 

 

$

43,059

 

 

 

$

(24,563

)

 

$

27,104

 

 

$

18,802

 

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal

$

(6,772

)

 

 

$

23,119

 

 

$

(6,856

)

 

$

(12,419

)

State

 

7,817

 

 

 

 

3,627

 

 

 

(8,420

)

 

 

4,263

 

Foreign

 

(10,326

)

 

 

 

(514

)

 

 

(11,302

)

 

 

27,977

 

 

$

(9,281

)

 

 

$

26,232

 

 

$

(26,578

)

 

$

19,821

 

Total provision for income taxes

$

33,778

 

 

 

$

1,669

 

 

$

526

 

 

$

38,623

 

 

The effective tax rates for the period from June 25, 2025 through December 31, 2025 (Successor), the period from December 29, 2024 through June 24, 2025 (Predecessor) and the fiscal years ended December 28, 2024 (Predecessor) and December 30, 2023 (Predecessor) were (119.3%), 0.1%, (0.2%) and (52.5%), respectively.

Upon adoption of ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, as described in Note 1 “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, the reconciliation of taxes at the federal statutory rate to the Company’s provision for income taxes for the period from June 25, 2025 through December 31, 2025 (Successor) and the period from December 29, 2024 through June 24, 2025 (Predecessor) was as follows:

 

Successor

 

 

 

Predecessor

 

 

Period from

 

 

 

Period from

 

 

June 25, 2025

 

 

 

December 29, 2024

 

 

through December 31, 2025

 

 

 

through June 24, 2025

 

 

Amount

 

Percent

 

 

 

Amount

 

Percent

 

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

 

(5,947

)

 

21.0

%

 

 

 

235,152

 

 

21.0

%

Tax credit

 

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

 

 

 

0.0

%

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reorganization gain

 

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

 

(158,827

)

 

(14.2

%)

Executive compensation limitation

 

1,733

 

 

(6.1

%)

 

 

 

 

 

0.0

%

Effect of interim reporting (1)

 

25,205

 

 

(89.3

%)

 

 

 

(25,205

)

 

(2.2

%)

Attribute reduction

 

1,090

 

 

(3.8

%)

 

 

 

193

 

 

0.0

%

Other

 

(1,107

)

 

3.7

%

 

 

 

13,470

 

 

1.2

%

Change in valuation allowance

 

5,396

 

 

(18.9

%)

 

 

 

(66,124

)

 

(5.9

%)

Cross border tax law

 

(1,246

)

 

4.4

%

 

 

 

1,246

 

 

0.1

%

Domestic state and local income taxes, net of federal effect (1)(2)

 

9,185

 

 

(32.2

%)

 

 

 

(936

)

 

(0.1

%)

Foreign tax effects

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

France

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjustment to termination fee

 

(2,247

)

 

7.9

%

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Other

 

67

 

 

(0.2

%)

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Withholding tax

 

1,372

 

 

(4.8

%)

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Other

 

127

 

 

(0.4

%)

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

United Kingdom

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rate differential

 

336

 

 

(1.2

%)

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Permanent differences

 

(1,755

)

 

6.2

%

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Other

 

(91

)

 

0.3

%

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Germany

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Legal entity rationalization

 

(538

)

 

1.9

%

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Rate differential

 

301

 

 

(1.1

%)

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Other

 

(801

)

 

2.8

%

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Netherlands

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Permanent differences

 

2,241

 

 

(7.9

%)

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Other

 

431

 

 

(1.5

%)

 

 

*

 

 

0.0

%

Other foreign jurisdictions

 

304

 

 

(1.1

%)

 

 

 

2,700

 

 

0.2

%

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

 

(278

)

 

1.0

%

 

 

 

 

 

0.0

%

Total effective tax rate

 

33,778

 

 

(119.3

%)

 

 

 

1,669

 

 

0.1

%

 

* Amounts did not meet the disaggregation threshold and, therefore, were included in other foreign jurisdictions instead of being broken out separately.

(1)
The effective tax rate for Predecessor Period was determined using an annualized effective tax rate (“AETR”), adjusted for discrete items. As such, a reconciling item is required in each period with no overall impact in aggregate.
(2)
Majority of state taxes related to California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.

 

The Company’s effective tax rate for the period from June 25, 2025 through December 31, 2025 (Successor) was impacted by the following items: (i) a $2,406 tax expense due to a valuation allowance and (ii) a $35,881 tax expense related to the application of the Company’s AETR to the Predecessor period (an offset of the Predecessor Period adjustment is reflected in the Successor Period).

The Company’s effective tax rate for the period from December 29, 2024 through June 24, 2025 (Predecessor) was impacted by the income tax impacts from reorganization and fresh start adjustments, including adjustments to its valuation allowance. The Company recorded income tax benefits of $189,424 for reorganization adjustments in the Predecessor Period, primarily consisting of: (i) a tax benefit related to non-taxable cancellation of debt income (“CODI”) realized upon emergence and (ii) a tax expense for the reduction in federal and state deferred tax assets related to cancelled share-based compensation awards. The Company recorded income tax expense of $11,584 for fresh start adjustments in the Predecessor Period, consisting of a $119,190 tax expense for the increase in deferred tax liabilities resulting from fresh start accounting adjustments, which was offset by a $107,606 tax benefit related to the non-taxable fresh start accounting gain. The Company also recorded a tax benefit related to a decrease in the valuation allowance of $72,080 in the Predecessor Period. In addition, the application of the AETR resulted in a tax benefit of $35,881 to the Predecessor Period (offset in Successor Period).

The reconciliation of taxes at the federal statutory rate to the Company’s provision for income taxes for the years ended December 28, 2024 (Predecessor) and December 30, 2023 (Predecessor) in accordance with the guidance prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09 was as follows:

 

Predecessor

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended

 

 

December 28, 2024

 

 

December 30, 2023

 

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

 

21.0

%

 

 

21.0

%

State income taxes (net of federal benefit)

 

4.6

%

 

 

12.8

%

Research and development credit

 

0.4

%

 

 

3.0

%

Tax windfall on share-based awards

 

(1.5

%)

 

 

(0.9

%)

Tax rate changes

 

0.0

%

 

 

(0.1

%)

Executive compensation limitation

 

(0.4

%)

 

 

(1.4

%)

FDII

 

1.2

%

 

 

3.6

%

Change in valuation allowance

 

(25.4

%)

 

 

(72.8

%)

Impact of foreign operations

 

(0.3

%)

 

 

(16.5

%)

Nondeductible costs

 

0.0

%

 

 

(1.3

%)

Other

 

0.2

%

 

 

0.1

%

Total effective tax rate

 

(0.2

%)

 

 

(52.5

%)

 

The Company’s effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2024 (Predecessor) was impacted by the following items: (i) an $87,624 tax expense due to a valuation allowance and (ii) a $5,342 tax expense related to share-based awards. These expenses were partially offset by (i) a $15,689 tax benefit related to state tax and (ii) a $3,976 tax benefit related to foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”).

The Company’s effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (Predecessor) was impacted by the following items: (i) a $53,626 tax expense due to a valuation allowance and (ii) a $12,172 tax expense related to income earned in foreign jurisdictions at rates higher than the U.S. These expenses were partially offset by (i) a $9,441 tax benefit related to state tax and (ii) a $2,637 tax benefit related to FDII.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the legislation commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). The OBBBA includes various provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The OBBBA has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The OBBBA had an immaterial impact on the annual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2025. We will continue to assess the impact on our consolidated financial statements with respect to fiscal year 2026 and future years.

The deferred tax assets and liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

 

 

Successor

 

 

 

Predecessor

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

December 28,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

Interest expense disallowance

 

$

112,732

 

 

 

$

101,563

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

 

1,225

 

 

 

 

13,672

 

Operating loss carryforwards

 

 

11,690

 

 

 

 

11,703

 

Provision for estimated expenses

 

 

2,027

 

 

 

 

2,916

 

Salaries and wages

 

 

5,363

 

 

 

 

8,904

 

Share-based compensation

 

 

46

 

 

 

 

9,553

 

Other comprehensive income

 

 

282

 

 

 

 

6,995

 

Capitalized research and development expenses

 

 

32,670

 

 

 

 

34,767

 

Exit tax

 

 

16,283

 

 

 

 

7,517

 

Other

 

 

4,126

 

 

 

 

4,528

 

Less: valuation allowance

 

 

(106,816

)

 

 

 

(178,451

)

Total deferred tax assets

 

$

79,628

 

 

 

$

23,667

 

Goodwill and intangible assets

 

$

(92,568

)

 

 

$

(663

)

Operating lease assets

 

 

(1,076

)

 

 

 

(10,941

)

Depreciation

 

 

(1,714

)

 

 

 

(9,000

)

Prepaid expenses

 

 

(1,824

)

 

 

 

(1,289

)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

$

(97,182

)

 

 

$

(21,893

)

Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets

 

$

(17,554

)

 

 

$

1,774

 

 

As of December 31, 2025 (Successor), the Company had no federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) or tax credits, as the Company’s federal tax attributes were fully reduced in accordance with the attribute reduction and ordering rules of Section 108 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 pertaining to discharge of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2025 (Successor) and December 28, 2024 (Predecessor), the Company had foreign and state NOLs totaling $105,797 and $110,471, respectively, before the provision for valuation allowance, which continue as carryforwards for the Successor, some of which have an unlimited carryforward period, while others expire in various years beginning in 2026.

The Company maintains a full valuation allowance on its state and certain foreign net operating loss carryforwards as it is deemed more likely than not that such losses will not be realized. In the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (Predecessor), the Company increased the valuation allowance on its business interest expense carryforwards by $20,268 and established a $30,331 valuation allowance on its remaining U.S. deferred tax assets. In the fiscal year ended December 28, 2024 (Predecessor), the Company recorded an additional $88,650 valuation allowance on its U.S. deferred tax assets. In the period from December 29, 2024 through June 24, 2025 (Predecessor), the Company released $71,738 valuation allowance on its U.S. deferred tax assets. In the period from June 25, 2025 through December 31, 2025 (Successor), the Company recorded $1,714 valuation allowance on its U.S. deferred tax assets.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

 

Successor

 

 

 

Predecessor

 

 

Period from

 

 

 

Period from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

June 25, 2025

 

 

 

December 29, 2024

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended

 

 

through December 31, 2025

 

 

 

through June 24, 2025

 

 

December 28, 2024

 

 

December 30, 2023

 

Balance at beginning of year

$

508

 

 

 

$

508

 

 

$

613

 

 

$

611

 

Increases related to tax positions taken in current year

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increases related to tax positions taken in prior years

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9

 

Reductions related to tax positions taken in prior years

 

(136

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(9

)

Reductions related to settlements with tax authorities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reductions related to lapse of statutes of limitations

 

(151

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(99

)

 

 

 

Effects of foreign currency translation

 

27

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(6

)

 

 

2

 

Balance at end of year

$

248

 

 

 

$

508

 

 

$

508

 

 

$

613

 

 

At December 31, 2025 (Successor), the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate is $195.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. At December 31, 2025 (Successor), with few exceptions, the Company was no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local income tax examinations by tax authorities for fiscal years prior to fiscal 2021, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for fiscal years prior to fiscal 2018.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company had $0 and $33 of accrued interest and penalties at December 31, 2025 (Successor) and December 28, 2024 (Predecessor), respectively. The Company recognized $(36), $3, $(50) and $0 of income tax expense in interest and penalties during the period from June 25, 2025 through December 31, 2025 (Successor), the period from December 29, 2024 through June 24, 2025 (Predecessor), the fiscal years ended December 28, 2024 (Predecessor) and December 30, 2023 (Predecessor), respectively. It is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits could change due to the resolution of open tax matters, which would reduce unrecognized tax benefits by $178.

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received, by jurisdiction pursuant to the disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-09 for the period from June 25, 2025 through December 31, 2025 (Successor) and the period from December 29, 2024 through June 24, 2025 (Predecessor) are as follows:

 

Successor

 

 

 

Predecessor

 

 

Period from

 

 

 

Period from

 

 

June 25, 2025

 

 

 

December 29, 2024

 

 

through December 31, 2025

 

 

 

through June 24, 2025

 

Cash taxes paid (net of refunds) for:

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal

$

 

 

 

$

1,000

 

U.S. state

 

 

 

 

 

 

California

 

483

 

 

 

 

(480

)

Texas

 

 

 

 

 

219

 

Other

 

(227

)

 

 

 

(23

)

Foreign

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom

 

2,561

 

 

 

 

2,186

 

Germany

 

3,365

 

 

 

 

(1,040

)

Sweden

*

 

 

 

 

1,456

 

Netherlands

 

479

 

 

 

 

(350

)

Other

 

51

 

 

 

 

 

Total

$

6,712

 

 

 

$

2,968

 

 

* Amounts did not meet the disaggregation threshold in this period.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 16, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 28, 2024
2022Mar 1, 2022
2021Feb 25, 2021
2019Feb 25, 2020
2018Feb 26, 2019
2017Feb 28, 2018
2016Mar 2, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.