ACRES Commercial Realty Corp. Debt Disclosure
NOTE 11 - BORROWINGS
The Company historically has financed the acquisition of its investments, including investment securities and loans, through the use of secured and unsecured borrowings. Certain information with respect to the Company’s borrowings is summarized in the following table (dollars in thousands, except amounts in footnotes):
|
|
Principal Outstanding |
|
|
Unamortized Issuance Costs and Discounts |
|
|
Outstanding Borrowings |
|
|
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate |
|
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity |
|
Value of Collateral |
|
||||
At December 31, 2024 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
ACR 2021-FL1 Senior Notes |
|
$ |
472,507 |
|
|
$ |
660 |
|
|
$ |
471,847 |
|
|
6.11% |
|
11.5 years |
|
$ |
599,927 |
|
ACR 2021-FL2 Senior Notes |
|
|
392,571 |
|
|
|
1,614 |
|
|
|
390,957 |
|
|
6.47% |
|
12.1 years |
|
|
525,571 |
|
Senior secured financing facility |
|
|
63,099 |
|
|
|
2,189 |
|
|
|
60,910 |
|
|
8.22% |
|
3.1 years |
|
|
162,578 |
|
CRE - term warehouse financing facilities (1) |
|
|
158,266 |
|
|
|
1,527 |
|
|
|
156,739 |
|
|
7.02% |
|
1.3 years |
|
|
257,012 |
|
Mortgages payable |
|
|
80,113 |
|
|
|
557 |
|
|
|
79,556 |
|
|
9.25% |
|
5.7 years |
|
|
119,509 |
|
5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes |
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
1,186 |
|
|
|
148,814 |
|
|
5.75% |
|
1.6 years |
|
|
— |
|
Unsecured junior subordinated debentures |
|
|
51,548 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
51,548 |
|
|
8.67% |
|
11.7 years |
|
|
— |
|
Total |
|
$ |
1,368,104 |
|
|
$ |
7,733 |
|
|
$ |
1,360,371 |
|
|
6.66% |
|
8.7 years |
|
$ |
1,664,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
Principal Outstanding |
|
|
Unamortized Issuance Costs and Discounts |
|
|
Outstanding Borrowings |
|
|
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate |
|
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity |
|
Value of Collateral |
|
||||
At December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
ACR 2021-FL1 Senior Notes |
|
$ |
643,040 |
|
|
$ |
2,243 |
|
|
$ |
640,797 |
|
|
6.98% |
|
12.5 years |
|
$ |
770,460 |
|
ACR 2021-FL2 Senior Notes |
|
|
567,000 |
|
|
|
3,227 |
|
|
|
563,773 |
|
|
7.28% |
|
13.1 years |
|
|
700,000 |
|
Senior secured financing facility |
|
|
64,495 |
|
|
|
2,927 |
|
|
|
61,568 |
|
|
9.14% |
|
4.1 years |
|
|
157,722 |
|
CRE - term warehouse financing facilities (1) |
|
|
170,861 |
|
|
|
2,273 |
|
|
|
168,588 |
|
|
7.96% |
|
1.6 years |
|
|
254,081 |
|
Mortgages payable |
|
|
43,779 |
|
|
|
1,993 |
|
|
|
41,786 |
|
|
8.92% |
|
11.3 years |
|
|
83,739 |
|
5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes |
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
1,860 |
|
|
|
148,140 |
|
|
5.75% |
|
2.6 years |
|
|
— |
|
Unsecured junior subordinated debentures |
|
|
51,548 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
51,548 |
|
|
9.60% |
|
12.7 years |
|
|
— |
|
Total |
|
$ |
1,690,723 |
|
|
$ |
14,523 |
|
|
$ |
1,676,200 |
|
|
7.28% |
|
10.4 years |
|
$ |
1,966,002 |
|
Securitizations
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the Company’s consolidated securitizations at December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
|
|
Closing Date |
|
Maturity Date |
|
Reinvestment Period End (1) |
|
Total Note Paydowns from Closing Date through December 31, 2024 |
|
|
ACR 2021-FL1 |
|
May 2021 |
|
June 2036 |
|
May 2023 |
|
$ |
202,716 |
|
ACR 2021-FL2 |
|
December 2021 |
|
January 2037 |
|
December 2023 |
|
$ |
174,429 |
|
The investments held by the Company’s securitizations collateralize the securitizations’ borrowings and, as a result, are not available to the Company, its creditors, or stockholders. All senior notes of the securitizations held by the Company at both December 31, 2024 and 2023 were eliminated in consolidation.
XAN 2020-RSO8
In March 2020, the Company closed XAN 2020-RSO8, a $522.6 million CRE debt securitization transaction that provided financing for CRE loans. In March 2022, the Company exercised the optional redemption of XAN 2020-RSO8, and all of the outstanding senior notes were paid off from the sales proceeds of certain of the securitization’s assets.
XAN 2020-RSO9
In September 2020, the Company closed XAN 2020-RSO9, a $297.0 million CRE debt securitization transaction that provided financing for CRE loans. In February 2022, the Company exercised the optional redemption of XAN 2020-RSO9, and all of the outstanding senior notes were paid off from the sales proceeds of certain of the securitization’s assets.
ACR 2021-FL1
In May 2021, the Company closed ACRES Commercial Realty 2021-FL1 Issuer, Ltd. (“ACR 2021-FL1”), an $802.6 million CRE debt securitization transaction that provided financing for CRE loans. ACR 2021-FL1 issued a total of $675.2 million of non-recourse, floating-rate notes to third parties at par. Additionally, ACRES RF retained 100% of the Class F and Class G notes and a subsidiary of ACRES RF retained 100% of the outstanding preference shares. The preference shares are subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by ACR 2021-FL1. ACR 2021-F1 included a reinvestment period, which ended in May 2023, that allowed it to acquire CRE loans for reinvestment into the securitization using uninvested principal proceeds.
At closing, the senior notes issued to investors consisted of the following classes: (i) $431.4 million of Class A notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 1.20%; (ii) $100.3 million of Class A-S notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 1.60%; (iii) $37.1 million of Class B notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 1.80%; (iv) $43.1 million of Class C notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 2.00%; (v) $50.2 million of Class D notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 2.65%; and (vi) $13.0 million of Class E notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 3.10%. The non-recourse, floating-rate notes initially charged one-month Term LIBOR but converted to one-month Term SOFR in June 2023.
All of the notes issued mature in June 2036, although the Company has the right to call the notes beginning on the payment date in May 2023 and thereafter. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not exercise this right. In March 2025, the Company exercised the optional redemption.
ACR 2021-FL2
In December 2021, the Company closed ACRES Commercial Realty 2021-FL2 Issuer, Ltd. (“ACR 2021-FL2”), a $700.0 million CRE debt securitization transaction that provided financing for CRE loans. ACR 2021-FL2 issued a total of $567.0 million of non-recourse, floating-rate notes to third parties at par. Additionally, ACRES RF retained 100% of the Class F and Class G notes and a subsidiary of ACRES RF retained 100% of the outstanding preference shares. The preference shares are subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by ACR 2021-FL2. Additionally, ACR 2021-FL2 included a reinvestment period, which ended in December 2023, that allowed it to acquire CRE loans for reinvestment into the securitization using uninvested principal proceeds.
At closing, the senior notes issued to investors consisted of the following classes: (i) $385.0 million of Class A notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 1.40%; (ii) $30.6 million of Class A-S notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 1.75%; (iii) $38.5 million of Class B notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 2.25%; (iv) $47.3 million of Class C notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 2.65%; (v) $51.6 million of Class D notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 3.10%; and (vi) $14.0 million of Class E notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR 4.00%. The non-recourse, floating-rate notes initially charged one-month Term LIBOR but converted to one-month Term SOFR in June 2023.
All of the notes issued mature in January 2037, although the Company has the right to call the notes beginning on the payment date in December 2023 and thereafter. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not exercise this right. In March 2025, the Company exercised the optional redemption.
Financing Arrangements
Borrowings under the Company’s financing arrangements are guaranteed by the Company or one or more of its subsidiaries. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to these arrangements (dollars in thousands, except amounts in footnotes):
|
|
December 31, 2024 |
|
December 31, 2023 |
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|
|
Outstanding Borrowings |
|
|
Value of Collateral |
|
|
Number of Positions as Collateral |
|
|
Weighted Average Interest Rate |
|
Outstanding Borrowings |
|
|
Value of Collateral |
|
|
Number of Positions as Collateral |
|
|
Weighted Average Interest Rate |
||||||
Senior Secured Financing Facility |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (1) |
|
$ |
60,910 |
|
|
$ |
162,578 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
8.22% |
|
$ |
61,568 |
|
|
$ |
157,722 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
9.14% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
CRE - Term Warehouse Financing Facilities (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (3) |
|
|
90,995 |
|
|
|
158,639 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
6.87% |
|
|
74,694 |
|
|
|
125,044 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
7.82% |
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC (4) |
|
|
65,744 |
|
|
|
98,373 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
7.22% |
|
|
93,894 |
|
|
|
129,037 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
8.07% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Mortgages Payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
ReadyCap Commercial, LLC (5) |
|
|
20,240 |
|
|
|
26,960 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
8.28% |
|
|
19,365 |
|
|
|
25,400 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
9.16% |
Oceanview Life and Annuity Company (6)(7) |
|
|
44,211 |
|
|
|
92,549 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
10.40% |
|
|
7,330 |
|
|
|
58,339 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
11.37% |
Florida Pace Funding Agency (6)(8) |
|
|
15,105 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
7.26% |
|
|
15,091 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
7.26% |
Total |
|
$ |
297,205 |
|
|
$ |
539,099 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
271,942 |
|
|
$ |
495,542 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
The following table shows information about the amount at risk under the Company's financing arrangements (dollars in thousands, except amounts in footnotes):
|
|
Amount at Risk |
|
|
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity |
|
Weighted Average Interest Rate |
|
At December 31, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Senior Secured Financing Facility (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company |
|
$ |
99,899 |
|
|
3.1 years |
|
8.22% |
CRE - Term Warehouse Financing Facilities (1)(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N. A. |
|
$ |
67,802 |
|
|
1.6 years |
|
6.87% |
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC |
|
$ |
33,566 |
|
|
0.8 years |
|
7.22% |
Mortgages Payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ReadyCap Commercial, LLC (3) |
|
$ |
6,566 |
|
|
0.3 years |
|
8.28% |
Oceanview Life and Annuity Company (4)(5)(6) |
|
$ |
31,809 |
|
|
0.1 years |
|
10.40% |
Florida Pace Funding Agency (4)(5) |
|
|
— |
|
|
28.6 years |
|
7.26% |
The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants in each agreement at December 31, 2024.
Senior Secured Financing Facility
On July 31, 2020, an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary ("Holdings"), along with its direct wholly owned subsidiary (the "Borrower"), of the Company entered into a $250.0 million Loan and Servicing Agreement (the "MassMutual Loan Agreement") with MassMutual and the other lenders party thereto (the "Lenders"). The asset-based revolving loan facility (the "MassMutual Facility") provided under the MassMutual Loan Agreement has been used to finance the Company’s core CRE lending business. The MassMutual Facility initially had an interest rate of 5.75% per annum payable monthly and was set to mature on July 31, 2027. The Company paid a commitment fee as well as other reasonable closing costs. During the first two years, an unused commitment fee of 0.50% per annum (payable monthly) on unused commitments under the MassMutual Loan Agreement was payable for each day on which less than 75% of the total commitment was drawn.
In connection with the MassMutual Loan Agreement, the Company entered into a Guaranty (the “MassMutual Guaranty”) among the Company, Exantas Real Estate Funding 2018-RSO6 Investor, LLC ("RSO6"), Exantas Real Estate Funding 2019-RSO7 Investor, LLC (“RSO7”) and Exantas Real Estate Funding 2020-RSO8 Investor, LLC (“RSO8”), each an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, in favor of the secured parties under the MassMutual Loan Agreement. RSO6, RSO7 and RSO8 no longer exist. Pursuant to the MassMutual Guaranty, the Company fully guaranteed all payments and performance of Holdings and the Borrower under the MassMutual Loan Agreement. Additionally, the Company, and previously RSO6, RSO7 and RSO8, made certain representations and warranties and agreed to not incur debt or liens, each subject to certain exceptions, and agreed to provide the Lenders with certain information.
In September 2020, the MassMutual Loan Agreement was amended pursuant to which (i) the initial portfolio assets were revised and an agreed advance rate for each initial portfolio asset (each, an “Initial Portfolio Asset Advance Rate”) was set, and (ii) the revolving loan facility under the MassMutual Loan Agreement was amended to require the initial lender (currently MassMutual) to provide a specific advance rate for any future eligible portfolio assets and to limit the aggregate total amount of advances outstanding at any time to both the total facility amount and, in lieu of a 55% LTV, a borrowing base as of any required date of determination equal to the sum of, in each case, the product of the advance rate for such eligible portfolio asset (including in respect of the initial portfolio assets, the applicable Initial Portfolio Asset Advance Rate therefor) and the then determined value of such eligible portfolio asset.
The MassMutual Loan Agreement was further amended in several instances pursuant to which (i) MassMutual consented to the formation of certain subsidiaries to hold real estate and (ii) such subsidiaries agreed to enter into guaranty agreements in favor of the secured parties under the MassMutual Loan Agreement.
In July 2022, Holdings, the Borrower and the Lenders entered into the Fifth Amendment to the MassMutual Loan Agreement (the “July 2022 Amendment”) to (i) extend the availability period from July 31, 2022 to August 31, 2022 and (ii) amend the interest rate on the outstanding principal amount of the borrowings, with respect to borrowings made in connection with eligible portfolio assets transferred to any borrower after the effective date of the July 2022 Amendment to the rate per annum determined by the initial lender or otherwise 5.75% per annum. In August 2022, Holdings, the Borrower and the Lenders entered into the Sixth Amendment to the MassMutual Loan Agreement to extend the availability period from August 31, 2022 to October 15, 2022.
In December 2022, Holdings, the Borrower and the Lenders entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Servicing Agreement, which amends and restates the existing loan and servicing agreement, and reflects a senior secured term loan facility, not to exceed $500.0 million, composed of individual loan series issued upon mutual agreement of the Borrower and Lenders. Each loan series will be available for three months after the closing date agreed upon by the Borrower and Lender (“Commitment Period”), subject to the maximum dollar amount agreed upon for that series. The Commitment Period is subject to immediate termination upon the occurrence of an event of default. Each loan series will have a final maturity of five years from the issuance date for the loan series unless an additional time is mutually agreed upon by Lenders and Borrower. The advance rate on portfolio assets will be mutually agreed
upon by Lenders and Borrower. Each loan series will have its own mutually agreed upon interest rate equal to one-month Term SOFR plus the applicable spread.
The Amended and Restated Loan and Servicing Agreement contains events of default, subject to certain materiality thresholds and grace periods, customary for this type of financing arrangement. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of transaction and include declaring the final maturity date to have occurred and advances due and liquidation of the assets securing the series.
Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Loan and Servicing Agreement, the Borrower’s obligations under the MassMutual Loan Agreement are secured by the Borrower’s assets and Holdings’ equity interests in the Borrower, including all distributions, proceeds and profits from Holdings’ interests in the Borrower.
CRE - Term Warehouse Financing Facilities
In April 2018, the Company’s indirect wholly-owned subsidiary entered into a master repurchase agreement (the “Barclays Facility”) with Barclays to finance the origination of CRE loans. In connection with the Barclays Facility, the Company entered into a guaranty agreement (the “Barclays Guaranty”) pursuant to which the Company fully guaranteed all payments and performance under the Barclays Facility. In October 2021, the Barclays Facility and the Barclays Guaranty were amended to extend the revolving period of the facility to October 2022 and to modify the guaranty to limit financial covenants to be applicable when there are outstanding transactions. The Barclays Facility had a maximum facility amount of $250.0 million and charged interest of one-month LIBOR plus market spreads. In February 2022, the Company amended the Barclays Facility to add market terms regarding the replacement of LIBOR upon determination of a benchmark transition event. In October 2022, the Barclays Facility matured.
In October 2018, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a master repurchase agreement (the “JPMorgan Chase Facility”) with JPMorgan Chase to finance the origination of CRE loans. In connection with the JPMorgan Chase Facility, the Company entered into a guarantee agreement (the “JPMorgan Chase Guarantee”) pursuant to which the Company fully guaranteed all payments and performance under the JPMorgan Chase Facility. The JPMorgan Chase Facility has a maximum facility amount of $250.0 million, charges interest of one-month benchmark plus market spreads and had an initial maturity date of October 2024.
In May 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the JPMorgan Chase Guarantee that revised its minimum equity financial covenant as of February 29, 2020. In October 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the JPMorgan Chase Guarantee that revised a covenant definition so that credit losses are determined in accordance with a risk rating-based methodology. In September and October 2021, the JPMorgan Chase Facility was amended twice, resulting in (i) the extension of the JPMorgan Chase Facility’s maturity date to October 2024, (ii) an update to the Company’s tangible net worth requirement and minimum liquidity covenant as set forth in the guarantee agreement and (iii) a modification of market terms regarding the replacement of LIBOR upon determination of a benchmark transition event. In November 2022, the JPMorgan Chase Facility was amended for the following: (i) EBITDA to interest expense ratio, (ii) maximum ratio of total indebtedness to its total equity, and (iii) minimum unencumbered liquidity requirement, each through September 2023. In July 2023, the JPMorgan Chase Facility was amended to extend the maturity date to July 2026, as well as to extend the amendments to (i) EBITDA to interest expense ratio, (ii) maximum ratio of total indebtedness to its total equity and (iii) minimum unencumbered liquidity requirement, each through December 2024. In March 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 6 to Guarantee, by and between the Company and JPMorgan Chase, which makes certain amendments and modifications to the Guarantee, dated October 26, 2018 between the Company and JPMorgan Chase, as amended (the "JPM Guarantee") including but not limited to amending (capitalized terms each as defined in the JPM Guarantee) (i) minimum unencumbered Liquidity requirement, (ii) the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Equity, (iii) ratio of Adjusted Total Indebtedness to Total Equity, and (iv) EBITDA to Interest Expense ratio.
The JPMorgan Chase Facility contains margin call provisions that provide JPMorgan Chase with certain rights if the value of purchased assets declines. Under these circumstances, JPMorgan Chase may require the Company to transfer cash in an amount necessary to eliminate such margin deficit or repurchase the asset(s) that resulted in the margin call.
In connection with the JPMorgan Chase Facility, the Company guaranteed the payment and performance under the JPMorgan Chase Facility pursuant to the JPMorgan Chase Guarantee subject to a limit of 25% of the then currently unpaid aggregate repurchase price of all purchased assets. The JPMorgan Chase Guarantee includes certain financial covenants required of the Company, including required liquidity, required capital, ratios of total indebtedness to equity and EBITDA requirements. Also, ACRES RF, the direct owner of the wholly-owned subsidiary borrower, executed a pledge agreement with JPMorgan Chase pursuant to which it pledged and granted to JPMorgan Chase a continuing security interest in any and all of its right, title and interest in and to the wholly-owned subsidiary, including all distributions, proceeds, payments, income and profits from its interests in the wholly-owned subsidiary.
The JPMorgan Chase Facility specifies events of default, subject to certain materiality thresholds and grace periods, customary for this type of financing arrangement. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of financing arrangement and include the acceleration of the principal amount outstanding under the JPMorgan Chase Facility and the liquidation by JPMorgan Chase of purchased assets then subject to the JPMorgan Chase Facility.
In November 2021, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a $250.0 million Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement with Morgan Stanley, to be used to finance the Company’s commercial real estate lending business (the “Morgan Stanley Facility”). Each repurchase transaction will specify its own terms, such as identification of the assets subject to the transaction, sale price, repurchase price and rate. In January 2022, the Morgan Stanley Facility was amended to add market terms regarding the replacement of LIBOR upon determination of a benchmark transition event. In November 2022, the Morgan Stanley Facility was amended for the following: (i) EBITDA to interest expense ratio, (ii) maximum ratio of total indebtedness to its total equity, and (iii) minimum unencumbered liquidity requirement, each through March 2024. In November 2023, this facility was amended to extend the amendments to (i) EBITDA to interest expense ratio, (ii) maximum ratio of total indebtedness to its total equity and (iii) minimum unencumbered liquidity requirement, each through the quarter ending December 2024. In November 2024, this facility was amended including but not limited to amending the EBITDA to Interest Expense ratio through the quarter ending December 2025. The Morgan Stanley Facility has a maximum facility amount of $250.0 million, charges interest of one-month benchmark plus market spreads and matures in November 2025. The Company also has the right to request a one-year extension. In March 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 4 to Guaranty, by and between the Company and Morgan Stanley, which makes certain amendments and modifications to the Guaranty, dated November 3, 2021 between the Company and Morgan Stanley, as amended (the "MS Guaranty") including but not limited to (capitalized terms each as defined in the MS Guarantee) (i) minimum unencumbered Liquidity requirement, (ii) the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Equity, (iii) ratio of Adjusted Total Indebtedness to Total Equity, and (iv) EBITDA to Interest Expense ratio.
The Morgan Stanley Facility contains margin call provisions that provide Morgan Stanley with certain rights if the value of purchased assets declines. Under these circumstances, Morgan Stanley may require the subsidiary to transfer cash in an amount necessary to eliminate such margin deficit or repurchase the asset(s) that resulted in the margin call.
The Company guaranteed its subsidiary’s payment and performance under the Morgan Stanley Facility pursuant to a guaranty agreement (the “Morgan Stanley Guaranty”), subject to a limit of 25% of the then currently unpaid aggregate repurchase price of all purchased assets. The Morgan Stanley Guaranty includes certain financial covenants required of the Company, including required liquidity, required capital, ratios of total indebtedness to equity and EBITDA requirements. Also, the subsidiary’s direct parent, ACRES RF, executed a Pledge Agreement with Morgan Stanley pursuant to which ACRES RF pledged and granted to Morgan Stanley a continuing security interest in any and all of ACRES RF’s right, title and interest in and to the subsidiary, including all distributions, proceeds, payments, income and profits from ACRES RF’s interests in the subsidiary.
The Morgan Stanley Facility specifies events of default, subject to certain materiality thresholds and grace periods, customary for this type of financing arrangement. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of financing arrangement and include acceleration of the principal amount outstanding under the Morgan Stanley Facility and liquidation by Morgan Stanley of purchased assets then subject to the Morgan Stanley Facility.
The Term Warehouse Financing Facilities are accounted for as secured borrowings in accordance with GAAP.
In March 2025, the Company entered into a master repurchase agreement with JPMorgan Chase to finance existing CRE loans as well as the origination of new CRE loans. In connection with the financing, the Company repaid (i) all of the outstanding senior notes at the ACR 2021-FL1 and ACR 2021-FL2 securitizations, (ii) all of the outstanding borrowings on the existing JPMorgan Chase facility and (iii) one borrowing from the Morgan Stanley facility, from the proceeds of the new financing facility.
Mortgages Payable
In April 2022, Chapel Drive West, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the FSU Student Venture, entered into a Loan Agreement (the "Mortgage") with ReadyCap Commercial, LLC ("ReadyCap") to finance the acquisition of a student housing complex. The Mortgage is interest only and has a maximum principal balance of $20.4 million, of which, $18.7 million was advanced in the initial funding. Initially, the Mortgage charged interest of 30-day average plus a spread of 3.80%. In October 2022, the Mortgage was amended to charge interest of one-month Term SOFR plus a spread of 3.80%. The Mortgage matures in April 2025, subject to two one-year extension options.
The Mortgage contains events of default, subject to certain materiality thresholds and grace periods, customary for this type of financing arrangement. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of transaction.
In January 2023, Chapel Drive East, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the FSU Student Venture, entered into a loan agreement (the "Construction Loan Agreement") with Oceanview Life and Annuity Company ("Oceanview") to finance the construction of a student housing complex (the "Construction Loan"). The Construction Loan is interest only and has a maximum principal balance of $48.0 million. The Construction Loan charges one-month Term plus a spread of 6.00%. In February 2025, the Construction Loan was amended to bifurcate the first one-year extension option into two separate extension options and periods: a seven month extension period ending September 2025 and a five month extension ending February 2026. The Construction Loan matures in September 2025, subject to one five month extension, then two one-year extension options.
In addition to the Construction Loan, Chapel Drive East, LLC, entered into a financing agreement with Florida Pace Funding Agency to fund energy efficient building improvements and has a maximum principal balance of $15.5 million. This agreement charges fixed interest of 7.26% and matures in July 2053. The Company does not guarantee this financing agreement.
In connection with the Company's investment in the student housing complex, ACRES RF entered into guarantees related to the Construction Loan. Pursuant to the guarantees, Jason Pollack, Frank Dellaglio and ACRES RF (collectively, the "Guarantors"), for the benefit of Oceanview, provided limited "bad boy" guaranties to Oceanview pursuant to the Construction Loan Agreement until the earlier of the payment in full of the indebtedness or the date of a sale of the property pursuant to a foreclosure of the mortgage or deed or other transfer in lieu of foreclosure is accepted by Oceanview. The Guarantors also entered into a Completion Guaranty Agreement for the benefit of Oceanview to guaranty the timely completion of the project in accordance with the Construction Loan Agreement, as well as a Carry Guaranty Agreement, for the benefit of Oceanview to guaranty and unconditional payment by Chapel Drive East, LLC of all customary or necessary costs and expenses incurred in connection with the operation, maintenance and management of the property and an Environmental Indemnity Agreement jointly and severally in favor of Oceanview whereby the Guarantors serving as Indemnitors provided environmental representations and warranties, covenants and indemnifications (collectively the "Guaranties"). The Guaranties include certain financial covenants required of ACRES RF, including required net worth and liquidity requirements.
Corporate Debt
4.50% Convertible Senior Notes
The Company issued $143.8 million aggregate principal of its 4.50% convertible senior notes due 2022 (“4.50% Convertible Senior Notes”) in August 2017, of which $55.7 million was repurchased in 2021. In February 2022, the Company repurchased $39.8 million of its 4.50% Convertible Senior Notes, resulting in a charge to earnings of $574,000, comprising an extinguishment of debt charge of $460,000 in connection with the acceleration of the market discount and interest expense of $114,000 in connection with the acceleration of deferred debt issuance costs. In August 2022, the remaining $48.2 million of the 4.50% Convertible Senior Notes were paid off upon maturity at par.
5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2026
On August 16, 2021, the Company issued $150.0 million of its 5.75% senior unsecured notes due 2026 (the "5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes") pursuant to its Indenture dated August 16, 2021 (the "Base Indenture"), between it and Wells Fargo, now Computershare Trust Company, N.A. ("CTC"), as trustee (the "Trustee"), as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated August 16, 2021, between it and Wells Fargo (now CTC) (the "Supplemental Indenture" and, together with the Base Indenture, the "Indenture"). Prior to May 15, 2026, the Company may at its option redeem the 5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the sum of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest
to, but not including, the redemption date, and (ii) a make-whole premium. On or after May 15, 2026, the Company may at its option redeem the 5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes, at any time, in whole or in part, on not less than 15 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.
The Indenture contains restrictive covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain certain financial ratios. The foregoing limitations are subject to exceptions as set forth in the Supplemental Indenture. At December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with these covenants. The Indenture provides for customary events of default that include, among other things (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods): (i) non-payment of principal or interest, (ii) breach of certain covenants contained in the Indenture or the 5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes, (iii) an event of default or acceleration of certain other indebtedness of the Company or a subsidiary in which the Company has invested at least $75 million in capital within the applicable grace period and (iv) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency. Generally, if an event of default occurs (subject to certain exceptions), CTC or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding 5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes may declare all of the notes to be due and payable.
12.00% Senior Unsecured Notes
In July 2020, the Company entered into a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement (the "Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement") with Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. ("Oaktree") and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ("MassMutual") pursuant to which the Company could issue to Oaktree and MassMutual from time to time up to $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of 12.00% Senior Unsecured Notes. The 12.00% Senior Unsecured Notes had an annual interest rate of 12.00%, payable up to 3.25% (at the election of the Company) as pay-in-kind interest and the remainder as cash interest. In July 2020, the Company issued $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 12.00% Senior Unsecured Notes.
In August 2021, the Company entered into an agreement that provided for the redemption in full of the outstanding balance of the 12.00% Senior Unsecured Notes with payment to Oaktree and MassMutual for an aggregate $55.3 million, which consisted of (i) principal in the amount of $50.0 million, (ii) interest in the amount of $329,000 and (iii) a make-whole amount of $5.0 million. In connection with the redemption, the Company recorded a charge to earnings of $8.0 million, comprising an extinguishment of debt charge of $7.8 million in connection with (i) the $5.0 million net make-whole amount and (ii) the $2.8 million acceleration of the remaining market discount; and interest expense of $218,000 in connection with the acceleration of deferred debt issuance costs. The Company did not issue any additional notes under this agreement and it expired as of July 31, 2022.
Unsecured Junior Subordinated Debentures
During 2006, the Company formed RCT I and RCT II for the sole purpose of issuing and selling capital securities representing preferred beneficial interests. RCT I and RCT II are not consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of these entities. In connection with the issuance and sale of the capital securities, the Company issued junior subordinated debentures to RCT I and RCT II of $25.8 million each, representing the Company’s maximum exposure to loss. The debt issuance costs associated with the junior subordinated debentures for RCT I and RCT II were included in borrowings and were amortized into interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations using the effective yield method over a ten year period.
There were no unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the junior subordinated debentures for RCT I and RCT II outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The interest rates for RCT I and RCT II, at December 31, 2024, were 8.54% and 8.80%, respectively. The interest rates for RCT I and RCT II, at December 31, 2023, were 9.61% and 9.60%, respectively.
The rights of holders of common securities of RCT I and RCT II are subordinate to the rights of the holders of capital securities only in the event of a default; otherwise, the common securities’ economic and voting rights are pari passu with the capital securities. The capital and common securities of RCT I and RCT II are subject to mandatory redemption upon the maturity or call of the junior subordinated debentures held by each. Unless earlier dissolved, RCT I will dissolve in May 2041 and RCT II will dissolve in September 2041. The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of RCT I and RCT II, which mature in June 2036 and October 2036, respectively, and may currently be called at par.
Contractual maturity dates of the Company’s borrowings’ principal outstanding by category and year are presented in the table below (in thousands, except amounts in footnotes):
|
|
Total |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2027 |
|
|
2028 |
|
|
2029 and Thereafter(1) |
|
||||||
At December 31, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
CRE securitizations |
|
$ |
865,078 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
865,078 |
|
Senior Secured Financing Facility |
|
|
63,099 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
50,996 |
|
|
|
12,103 |
|
|
|
— |
|
CRE - term warehouse financing facilities (2) |
|
|
158,266 |
|
|
|
66,283 |
|
|
|
91,983 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Mortgages payable |
|
|
80,113 |
|
|
|
64,603 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
15,510 |
|
5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes |
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Unsecured junior subordinated debentures |
|
|
51,548 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
51,548 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
1,368,104 |
|
|
$ |
130,886 |
|
|
$ |
241,983 |
|
|
$ |
50,996 |
|
|
$ |
12,103 |
|
|
$ |
932,136 |
|
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Historical Timeline
| Fiscal Year | Filed | |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Mar 17, 2025 | Showing above |
| 2016 | Mar 16, 2017 | |
| 2015 | Mar 10, 2016 | |
About Debt Disclosures
Debt disclosures detail a company's borrowing structure — the types of instruments, interest rates, maturity schedule, and covenant restrictions that define its financial obligations and flexibility. This section is essential for assessing refinancing risk, interest rate exposure, and the margin of safety against financial distress.
Key signals: the maturity schedule reveals concentration risk — large maturities within 1-2 years during tight credit markets can force dilutive refinancing or asset sales. Compare the fair value of debt against carrying amount to gauge whether the market views the company's credit risk differently than the balance sheet suggests. Watch covenant compliance disclosures for tightening cushions, especially leverage and interest coverage ratios. Variable-rate debt exposure quantifies sensitivity to interest rate changes. Secured versus unsecured mix affects recovery rates and future borrowing capacity. Compare net debt-to-EBITDA against industry peers and covenant limits to assess financial health.