Property and equipment, net, is recorded at historical cost less accumulated depreciation, which is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Depreciation expense is reflected in depreciation and intangible asset amortization. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are expensed when incurred.
Useful Lives:
Buildings and related improvements
Up to 40 years
Leasehold improvementsLesser of remaining term of the lease or economic useful life
Capitalized software
3 to 10 years
Machinery, equipment, and other
Up to 10 years
Net Carrying Amount:
December 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Land$9,773 $10,313 
Buildings and leasehold improvements97,263 95,003 
Capitalized software574,644 518,850 
Machinery, equipment, and other162,631 158,086 
Construction in progress22,106 30,121 
Finance leases127,956 114,997 
Accumulated depreciation(747,190)(673,712)
Property and equipment, net$247,183 $253,658 
Depreciation Expense:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202420232022
Depreciation expense$174,850 $176,407 $159,339 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.