We compute depreciation and amortization using the straight-line method on the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally as follows:
Asset DescriptionAsset Life
Capitalized software
Lesser of the life of an associated license, or 4 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements
Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term, not to exceed 10 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
4 to 10 years
Computer equipment
4 to 6 years
The components of Fixed assets, net are as follows (in millions):
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
Capitalized software$520 $427 
Leasehold improvements43 45 
Computer equipment112 172 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Construction in progress45 41 
Total Fixed assets, gross$729 $694 
Less: Accumulated depreciation351 298 
Fixed assets, net$378 $396 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.