Note 3. Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis and the level of inputs used for such measurements were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

December 31, 2025

 

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Restricted short-term investments

 

$

 

 

$

4,250

 

 

$

 

Total assets

 

$

 

 

$

4,250

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Term Loan Warrants

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

733

 

Common Stock Warrants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,420

 

Total liabilities

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

4,153

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Restricted short-term investments

 

$

 

 

$

4,250

 

 

$

 

Total assets

 

$

 

 

$

4,250

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Term Loan Warrants

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

390

 

Common Stock Warrants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,783

 

Total liabilities

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

2,173

 

 

Fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities approximate their recorded values due to the short period of time to maturity. Restricted short-term investments of $4.3 million at December 31, 2025 consist of a one-year certificate of deposit (“CD”) that matures on July 26, 2026 with an interest rate of 3.5%, which is restricted due to a contractual agreement. The Company’s Term Loan Warrants and Common Stock Warrants, are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because their fair values are based on significant inputs that are unobservable in the market.

Private Placement Warrants

The Company determined the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the quoted price of the Company’s Class A common stock. Volatility was based on the implied volatility derived from the Company's historical volatility. The expected life was based on the remaining contractual term of the Private Placement Warrants, and the risk-free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. treasury securities with a maturity equivalent to the Private Placement Warrants expected life. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Private Placement Warrants is the implied volatility. Significant changes in the implied volatility would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively.

Due to the fact that the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants had been reduced to zero at December 31, 2024 and that these warrants have a remaining contractual term at December 31, 2025 of 0.48 years with an exercise price of $575.00 per share while the Company's stock price at December 31, 2025 was $10.36, management determined

that a valuation was not required at December 31, 2025 and that the value of the Private Placement Warrants remained at zero.

The following table presents significant assumptions utilized in the valuation of the Private Placement Warrants on December 31, 2024:

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

Risk-free rate

 

 

4.2

%

Dividend yield rate

 

 

 

Volatility

 

 

83.1

%

Contractual term (in years)

 

 

1.48

 

Exercise price

 

$

575.00

 

The following table presents changes in the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

Balance, beginning of period

 

$

9

 

Change in fair value

 

 

(9

)

Balance, end of year

 

$

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the change in the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants resulted from the change in price of the Company’s Class A common stock, remaining contractual term, and risk-free rate. The changes in fair value are included in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of change in fair value of warrant liabilities and in the consolidated balance sheets as other liabilities.

Public Warrants

The Company determined the fair value of the Public Warrants using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the quoted price of the Company’s Class A common stock. Volatility was based on the implied volatility derived from the Company's historical volatility. The expected life was based on the remaining contractual term of the Public Warrants, and the risk-free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. treasury securities with a maturity equivalent to the Public Warrants expected life. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Public Warrants is the implied volatility. Significant changes in the implied volatility would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively.

Due to the fact that the fair value of the Public Warrants had been reduced to zero at December 31, 2024 and that these warrants have a remaining contractual term at December 31, 2025 of 0.48 years with an exercise price of $575.00 per share while the Company's stock price at December 31, 2025 was $10.36, management determined that a valuation was not required at December 31, 2025 and that the value of the Public Warrants remained at zero.

The following table presents significant assumptions utilized in the valuation of the Public Warrants on December 31, 2024:

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

 

 

 

Risk-free rate

 

 

4.2

%

Dividend yield rate

 

 

 

Volatility

 

 

83.1

%

Contractual term (in years)

 

 

1.48

 

Exercise price

 

$

575.00

 

 

The following table presents changes in the fair value of the Public Warrants for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

Balance, beginning of period

 

$

17

 

Change in fair value

 

 

(17

)

Balance, end of year

 

$

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the change in the fair value of the Public Warrants resulted from the change in price of the Company’s Class A common stock, remaining contractual term, and risk-free rate. The changes in fair value are included in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of change in fair value of warrant liabilities and in the consolidated balance sheets as other liabilities.

Term Loan Warrants

The Company determined the fair value of the Term Loan Warrants using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the quoted price of the Company’s Class A common stock. Volatility was based on the implied volatility derived primarily from the average of the actual market activity of the Company’s peer group and the Company's historical volatility. The expected life was based on the remaining contractual term of the Term Loan Warrants, and the risk-free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. treasury securities with a maturity equivalent to the Term Loan Warrants expected life. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Term Loan Warrants is the implied volatility. Significant changes in the implied volatility would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively. See Note 10, Debt, for additional information regarding the Term Loan Warrants.

 

The following table presents significant assumptions utilized in the valuation of the Term Loan Warrants at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk-free rate

 

 

3.6

%

 

 

4.3

%

Dividend yield rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

Volatility

 

 

91.1

%

 

 

81.5

%

Contractual term (in years)

 

 

3.60

 

 

 

4.60

 

Exercise price

 

$

6.26

 

 

$

6.26

 

 

The following table presents changes in the fair value of the Term Loan Warrants for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Balance, beginning of year

 

 

$

390

 

 

$

392

 

Amended in connection with Term Loan Fifth Amendment

 

 

 

 

 

 

141

 

Amended in connection with Term Loan Sixth Amendment

 

 

 

 

 

 

51

 

Change in fair value

 

 

 

343

 

 

 

(194

)

Balance, end of year

 

 

$

733

 

 

$

390

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2025, the change in the fair value of the Term Loan Warrants was due to the change in price of the Company's Class A common stock, the remaining contractual term, and the risk-free rate. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the change in the balance of the Term Loan Warrants was due to the Warrant Second Amendment (as defined below) of the Term Loan Warrants, which reduced the exercise price from $20.50 per share to $9.16 per share which resulted in an increase in the fair value of the Term Loan Warrants of $0.1 million as of the Term Loan Fifth Amendment Effective Date (as defined below), the Warrant Third Amendment (as defined below)

of the Term Loan Warrants, which reduced the exercise price from $9.16 per share to $6.26 per share which resulted in an increase in the fair value of the Term Loan Warrants of $0.1 million as of the Term Loan Sixth Amendment Effective Date (as defined below), the change in the fair value of the Term Loan Warrants resulting from the change in price of the Company’s Class A common stock, the remaining contractual term, and the risk-free rate. The changes in fair value are included in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of change in fair value of warrant liabilities and in the consolidated balance sheets as other liabilities.

 

Common Stock Warrants

The Company determined the fair value of the Common Stock Warrants using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the quoted price of the Company’s Class A common stock. Volatility was based on the implied volatility derived from the average of the actual market activity of the Company’s peer group and the Company's historical volatility. The expected life was based on the remaining contractual term of the Common Stock Warrants, and the risk-free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. treasury securities with a maturity equivalent to the Common Stock Warrants expected life. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Common Stock Warrants is the implied volatility. Significant changes in the implied volatility would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively.

The following table presents significant assumptions utilized in the valuation of the Common Stock Warrants on December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk-free rate

 

 

3.6

%

 

 

4.3

%

Dividend yield rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

Volatility

 

 

90.4

%

 

 

82.4

%

Contractual term (in years)

 

 

3.45

 

 

 

4.45

 

Exercise price

 

$

11.24

 

 

$

11.24

 

The following table presents changes in the fair value of the Common Stock Warrants for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Balance, beginning of year

 

$

1,783

 

 

$

2,707

 

Change in fair value

 

 

1,637

 

 

 

(924

)

Balance, end of year

 

$

3,420

 

 

$

1,783

 

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 the change in the fair value of the Common Stock Warrants resulted from the change in price of the Company’s Class A common stock, remaining contractual term, and risk-free rate. The changes in fair value are included in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of change in fair value of warrant liabilities and in the consolidated balance sheets as other liabilities.

 

Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain assets have been measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). There were no non-recurring losses recognized in the year ended December 31, 2025. The following table presents the non-recurring losses recognized for the year ended December 31, 2024 due to asset impairments, and the fair value and asset classification of the related asset as of the impairment date (in thousands):

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

Total Losses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Goodwill

 

$

65,166

 

 

$

(20,000

)

Total

 

$

65,166

 

 

$

(20,000

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 10, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 28, 2025
2023Mar 11, 2024
2022Mar 16, 2023
2021Mar 1, 2022

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.