A summary of property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
20252024
Land and industrial buildings$1,809 $1,657 
Plant, machinery and equipment4,338 3,814 
Construction in progress201 227 
Other494 433 
Gross property, plant and equipment6,842 6,131 
Accumulated depreciation(4,661)(4,195)
Net property, plant and equipment$2,181 $1,936 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 29, 2024
2022Feb 28, 2023

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.