14. NET LOSS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is measured as the income or loss available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Upon exercise of the Tranche 2 Warrants, shares are issuable for little or no consideration, sometimes referred to as “penny warrants”. Under ASC 260-10-45-13, those issuable shares are considered outstanding in the computation of basic EPS whether or not related warrants have been exercised. At December 31, 2024, approximately 21.1 million shares of common stock remain issuable upon the exercise of the Tranche 2 Warrants and are included in the number of outstanding shares used for the computation of basic EPS for the year then ended. Additionally, the basic EPS numerator includes an adjustment to eliminate the changes in fair value that have been recognized in Net loss from the close of trading on July 11, 2024 through December 31, 2024, the period in which the Tranche 2 Warrants were exercisable and therefore included in weighted average share calculations. Changes in fair value from Emergence through the close of trading on July 11, 2024 remain in Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Diluted EPS includes and presents the dilutive effect on EPS from the potential issuance of shares from unvested restricted stock units, conversion of convertible securities, or the exercise of options and/or warrants. The potentially dilutive effect of convertible securities are calculated using the if-converted method. The potentially dilutive effect of options or warrants are computed
using the treasury stock method. When potentially dilutive securities have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., increase income per share or decrease loss per share), they are excluded from the diluted EPS calculation.
The following table sets forth reconciliations of the numerators and denominators used to compute basic and diluted loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
Numerator: | | | | | | | | | |
| Net loss | | | | | $ | (1,315,005) | | | $ | (246,487) | | | $ | (2,146,318) | |
Add: Change in fair value of Tranche 2 Warrants | | | | | 192,585 | | | — | | | — | |
Basic and diluted net loss | | | | | $ | (1,122,420) | | | $ | (246,487) | | | $ | (2,146,318) | |
Denominator: | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted | | | | | 255,832 | | | 379,863 | | | 340,647 | |
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Net loss per share - basic and diluted | | | | | $ | (4.39) | | | $ | (0.65) | | | $ | (6.30) | |
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Potentially dilutive securities include securities excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because to do so would be anti-dilutive. Shares which may be issued from potentially dilutive securities are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2024 | | | | | | 2023 | | 2022 |
Stock options | 369 | | | | | | | 22,575 | | | 23,915 | |
Tranche 1 Warrants | 97,673 | | | | | | | — | | | — | |
Restricted stock units | 18,341 | | | | | | | 38,358 | | | 45,217 | |
Market condition restricted stock units | 1,728 | | | | | | | — | | | — | |
| Warrants | — | | | | | | | 14,892 | | | 18,311 | |
| Convertible Notes | 69,611 | | | | | | | 69,998 | | | 69,998 | |
| SPAC Vesting Shares | — | | | | | | | 1,725 | | | 1,725 | |
Total shares issuable from potentially dilutive securities | 187,722 | | | | | | | 147,548 | | | 159,166 | |
About Earnings Per Share Disclosures
The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.
Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.