(3)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 
                
  Fair value measurement at
Reporting Date
     (Level 1)      (Level 2)      (Level 3)  
As of December 31, 2025
              
Liabilities:
              
AMPA liability
           $ 
Conversion Option liability
           $2,014,000 
Warrants liabilities
           $4,943,000 
 
The fair value of the AMPA (see Note 9(f)) was measured at inception and at the December 31, 2025 reporting period using Level 3 inputs. The fair value was deemed de minimis at both date of issuance date and as of the December 31, 2025 reporting period.
 
The fair value of the Conversion Option liability and Warrants liabilities related to the 2025 Notes (see Note 7b) were measured at inception and at the December 31, 2025 reporting period. The change in fair value between the periods was recognized as gains in other (expense) income in the statements of comprehensive loss and are summarized below:
 
         
     Fair Value of
Conversion Option
Liability
     Fair Value of
Warrants Liabilities
 
Fair value at issuance  $2,517,000   $5,674,000 
Change in fair value (gain)   (503,000)  (731,000)
Balance at December 31, 2025  $2,014,000   $4,943,000 
 
The December 31, 2025 fair value of the Conversion Option liability and Warrants liabilities were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model Level 3 inputs, with the following assumptions:
 
         
      Conversion
Option
Liability
      Warrants
Liabilities
 
Expected term (in years)
    2.84       2.84  
Risk‑free interest rate
    3.41 %     3.41 %
Dividend yield
    %     %
Expected volatility
    20 %     20 %
Exercise price
  $ 0.73     $ 0.81-1.10  
Stock price
  $ 0.58     $ 0.58  
                 
Black-Scholes value   $ 0.047     $ 0.005-0.030  
 
The valuations of the Conversion Option liability and Warrants liabilities at issuance were calibrated such that the aggregate fair values of all instruments issued together (including the 2025 Notes which are not subsequently remeasured at fair value) equaled total gross proceeds received of $12 million in the November 2025 Financing (see Note 7). This calibration resulted in an expected volatility assumption of 20% which was also used in the valuation as of December 31, 2025. If the Company used the historical volatility of its common stock as the expected volatility assumption, the estimated value of the Conversion Option liability and Warrants liabilities would be higher. Similarly, the expected terms of the Conversion Option and Warrants were based on the Company’s option to mandate conversion of the Notes upon achieving certain milestones (see Note 7) as well as the expectation that the Warrants will be exercised upon a significant increase in the price of the Company’s common stock. If the Company used the contractual term of the Conversion Option and Warrants as the expected term, the estimated value of the Conversion Option liability and Warrants liabilities would be higher.
 
We review the fair value hierarchy classification of our applicable assets and liabilities on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification for certain financial assets or liabilities. During the year ended December 31, 2025, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3.
 
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, customer deposits, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of the 2025 notes (excluding the conversion option, see Note 7b), calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis using Level 3 inputs, was approximately $3.8 million. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of the Company’s 2023 Notes (see Note 7a), calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis using Level 3 inputs, was approximately $6.5 million. The Company uses a Black-Scholes option valuation model to determine the grant date fair value of employee stock options which uses Level 2 inputs. See Note 10 for a description of inputs used.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 31, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 27, 2025
2023Mar 28, 2024
2022Mar 30, 2023
2021Mar 24, 2022

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.