Granite Point Mortgage Trust Inc.GPMT
Granite Point Mortgage Trust Inc. Fair Value Disclosure
Fair Value
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, or ASC 820, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., market-based or observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs) resulting in the use of management assumptions. Additionally, ASC 820 requires an entity to consider all aspects of non-performance risk, including the entity’s own credit standing, when measuring fair value of a liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy to be used when measuring and disclosing fair value. An instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. Following is a description of the three levels:
| Level 1 | Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date under current market conditions. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity. | ||||
| Level 2 | Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full-term of the assets or liabilities. | ||||
| Level 3 | Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent the assumptions that market participants would use to price the assets and liabilities, including risk. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow models or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation. | ||||
The following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized.
Recurring Fair Value
As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the carrying values and fair values of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. No other assets or liabilities held by the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Nonrecurring Fair Value
The Company may be required to measure certain assets or liabilities at fair value from time to time. These periodic fair value measures typically result from establishing the allowance for credit losses for collateral-dependent assets under GAAP.
These items would constitute nonrecurring fair value measures. For collateral-dependent loans that are identified as impaired, the Company measures allowance for credit losses by comparing its estimation of the fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell, to the carrying value of the respective loan. To estimate the fair value of the underlying collateral, the Company may (i) use certain valuation techniques which, among others, may include a discounted cash flow model, or (ii) obtain a third-party independent assessment of value such as an appraisal or other opinion of value. These valuations require significant judgments, which include assumptions regarding capitalization rates, discount rates, leasing, creditworthiness of major tenants, occupancy rates, availability and cost of financing, exit plan, loan sponsorship, actions of other lenders, and other factors deemed relevant.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company deemed seven of its loans held-for-investment with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $453.3 million, compared to seven loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $401.6 million as of December 31, 2023, to be collateral-dependent in accordance with its policy. Therefore, the allowance for credit losses associated with these loans was based on the estimates of the fair value of the loans’ underlying property collateral, less costs to sell, if applicable, and the loans are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs and would be classified as Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, five and seven loans, respectively, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $377.2 million and $401.6 million, respectively, were valued using a discounted cash flow model. The significant unobservable inputs used to estimate the fair value on these loans as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, include the exit capitalization rate, which ranged from 6.25% to 13.00%, and 6.00% to 13.00%, respectively, and the discount rate, which ranged from 7.75% to 14.00%, and 7.25% to 13.50%, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average exit capitalization rate by unpaid principal balance and weighted average discount rate by unpaid principal balance was 8.97% and 10.57%, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, one loan with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $26.1 million was valued using the estimated proceeds from the sale of the underlying collateral property, less the estimated costs to sell.
As of December 31, 2024, one loan with an outstanding principal balance of $50.0 million was largely valued using the cash collateral received from the settlement of arbitration proceedings.
Refer to Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 3 - Loans Held-for-Investment, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses for further detail.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company acquired legal title of an office property in Maynard, MA. The Company’s fair market value estimate at the time of conversion from loan held-for-investment to REO was $35.7 million and was determined primarily using the discounted cash flow model. The significant unobservable inputs used to estimate the fair value include the exit capitalization rate and discount rate, which ranged from 8.50% to 10.50%, and from 10.25% to 11.75%, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired legal title of an office property in Phoenix, AZ. The Company’s fair market value estimate at the time of conversion from loan held-for-investment to REO was $24.0 million and was determined primarily using the discounted cash flow model. The significant unobservable inputs used to estimate the fair value include the exit capitalization rate and discount rate used to forecast the fair value of the underlying real estate collateral, which ranged from 6.75% to 7.25% and from 9.25% to 9.75%, respectively. Refer to Note 4 - Real Estate Owned, Net for further detail.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In accordance with ASC 820, the Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, for which fair value can be estimated.
The following describes the Company’s methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments:
•Loans held-for-investment are carried at cost, net of any unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts, loan fees, origination costs and allowance for credit losses, as applicable. The Company estimates the fair value of its loans held-for-investment by assessing any changes in market interest rates, credit spreads for loans of comparable risk as corroborated by inquiry of other market participants, shifts in credit profiles and actual operating results, taking into consideration such factors as underlying property type, property competitive position within its market, market and submarket fundamentals, tenant mix, nature of business plan, sponsorship, extent of leverage and other loan terms. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these assets as Level 3.
•Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash have a carrying value which approximates fair value because of the short maturities of these instruments. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these assets as Level 1.
•The carrying value of underlying loans in repurchase and secured credit facilities that mature in less than one year generally approximates fair value due to the short maturities. The Company’s long-term repurchase and secured credit facilities have, and the Company’s asset-specific facility had, floating rates based on an index plus a credit spread and the credit spread is typically consistent with those demanded in the market. Accordingly, the interest rates on these
borrowings are at market and, thus, carrying value approximates fair value. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these liabilities as Level 2.
•Securitized debt obligations are recorded at outstanding principal, net of any unamortized deferred debt issuance costs. In determining the fair value of its securitized debt obligations, management’s judgment may be used to arrive at fair value that considers prices obtained from third-party pricing providers, broker quotes received and other applicable market data. If observable market prices are not available or insufficient to determine fair value due principally to illiquidity in the marketplace, then fair value is based upon internally developed models that are primarily based on observable market-based inputs but also include unobservable market data inputs (including prepayment speeds, delinquency levels and credit losses). The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these liabilities as Level 2.
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for credit losses | $ | 1,897,648 | $ | 1,951,039 | $ | 2,583,825 | $ | 2,596,577 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 87,788 | $ | 87,788 | $ | 188,370 | $ | 188,370 | |||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | $ | 26,682 | $ | 26,682 | $ | 10,846 | $ | 10,846 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase facilities | $ | 597,874 | $ | 597,874 | $ | 875,442 | $ | 875,442 | |||||||||||||||
| Securitized debt obligations | $ | 788,313 | $ | 751,718 | $ | 991,698 | $ | 930,523 | |||||||||||||||
| Secured credit facility | $ | 86,774 | $ | 86,774 | $ | 84,000 | $ | 84,000 | |||||||||||||||
About Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.
Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.