3.
Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements & Disclosures, establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1—Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

 

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

We measure cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair values of such assets were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

 

 

 

Balance at
December 31,
2025

 

 

Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

 

 

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 

 

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 

Cash and money market funds

 

$

22,313

 

 

$

22,313

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

U.S. treasury bills and government agency obligations

 

 

9,534

 

 

 

9,534

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. corporate debt securities

 

 

7,035

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,035

 

 

 

 

Foreign corporate debt securities

 

 

2,225

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,225

 

 

 

 

Foreign commercial paper

 

 

3,979

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,979

 

 

 

 

U.S. commercial paper

 

 

1,545

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,545

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

46,631

 

 

$

31,847

 

 

$

14,784

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

 

 

 

Balance at
December 31,
2024

 

 

Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

 

 

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 

 

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 

Cash and money market funds

 

$

23,860

 

 

$

23,860

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

U.S. treasury bills and government agency obligations

 

 

14,868

 

 

 

14,868

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. corporate debt securities

 

 

13,644

 

 

 

 

 

 

13,644

 

 

 

 

Foreign corporate debt securities

 

 

5,913

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,913

 

 

 

 

Foreign commercial paper

 

 

998

 

 

 

 

 

 

998

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

59,283

 

 

$

38,728

 

 

$

20,555

 

 

$

 

 

We have not transferred any investment securities between the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.

 

As of December 31, 2025, cash equivalents included $11.6 million of available-for-sale securities with contractual maturities of three months or less and short-term investments included $5.4 million of available-for-sale securities with contractual maturities of three months to one year. As of December 31, 2024, cash equivalents included $1.9 million of available-for-sale securities with contractual maturities of three months or less and short-term investments included $9.0 million of available-for-sale securities with contractual maturities of three months to one year. The money market funds as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are included in cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 27, 2025
2023Mar 12, 2024
2022Mar 29, 2023
2021Feb 28, 2022
2015Feb 19, 2016

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.