5.    Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurement

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, subscription receivable, accounts receivable, and accounts payable in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets approximated their fair values as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the promissory note receivable, term promissory note, equipment financing payable, insurance financing payable and finance lease obligations approximated fair value as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 as the interest rates related to the financial instruments approximated market.

The following provides a description of the three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value under the standard, the types of plan investments that fall under each category, and the valuation methodologies used to measure these investments at fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable.
Level 3 – Inputs that are unobservable (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions).

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Sep 5, 2025Showing above
2022Oct 11, 2022
2019Aug 26, 2019

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.