5. REVENUE

Immersion

Disaggregated Revenue

The following presents the disaggregation of Immersion’s revenue for the periods ended (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended April 30,
2025

 

 

Four Months
Ended April 30, 2024

 

 

Calendar Year Ended December 31,
2023

 

Fixed fee license revenue

 

$

62,519

 

 

$

39,131

 

 

$

5,421

 

Per-unit royalty revenue

 

 

11,554

 

 

 

6,651

 

 

 

28,498

 

Total royalty and license revenue

 

$

74,073

 

 

$

45,782

 

 

$

33,919

 

Contract Assets

At April 30, 2025, we had contract assets of $7.8 million included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets and $27.4 million within Other assets - noncurrent on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2023, we had contract assets of $7.7 million included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets and $0.1 million included within Other assets - noncurrent on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contract assets increased by $28.5 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, primarily due to an increase in unbilled revenue related to the new contracts we entered into during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025. Contract assets decreased by $1.2 million from January 1, 2024 to April 30, 2024, primarily due to actual royalties billed during the four months ended April 30, 2024. Contract assets decreased by $0.7 million for the calendar year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to actual royalties billed during the calendar year ended December 31, 2023.

Deferred Revenue

The following table presents changes in deferred revenue associated with Immersion’s contract liabilities (in thousands):

 

 

April 30, 2025

 

 

April 30, 2024

 

 

December 31, 2023

 

Deferred revenue beginning of the period

 

$

20,472

 

 

$

12,629

 

 

$

17,395

 

Additions to deferred revenue during the period

 

 

882

 

 

 

9,437

 

 

 

 

Reductions to deferred revenue for revenue recognized during the period

 

 

(12,626

)

 

 

(1,594

)

 

 

(4,766

)

Deferred revenue balance end of the period

 

$

8,728

 

 

$

20,472

 

 

$

12,629

 

 

Revenue recognized during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, four months ended April 30, 2024, and calendar year ended December 31, 2023 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period was $12.5 million, $1.6 million, and $4.8 million, respectively.

 

Based on contracts signed and payments received at April 30, 2025, we expect to recognize $8.7 million in revenue under our fixed fee license agreements, which are satisfied over time, including $8.1 million over one to three years, and $0.6 million over more than three years.

Barnes & Noble Education

Revenue from sales of Barnes & Noble Education’s products and services is recognized either at the point in time when control of the products is transferred to its customers or over time as services are provided in an amount that reflects the consideration Barnes & Noble Education expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products or services.

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table disaggregated the revenue associated with Barnes & Noble Education’s major products and service offerings (in thousands):

 

 

 

From
June 10, 2024 to April 30, 2025

 

Course material product sales

 

$

937,235

 

General merchandise product sales (a)

 

 

325,298

 

Services and other revenue (b)

 

 

79,904

 

Total product and other revenue

 

 

1,342,437

 

Course materials rental income

 

 

139,366

 

Total revenue

 

$

1,481,803

 

 

(a)
Logo general merchandise sales are recognized on a net basis as commission revenue in the consolidated financial statements.
(b)
Service and other revenue primarily relates to brand marketing programs and other service revenues.

 

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets represent the sale of goods or services to a customer before we have the right to obtain consideration from the customer. Contract assets consist of unbilled amounts at the reporting date and are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional. Contract assets (unbilled receivables) were $0.6 million for May 3, 2025 on Barnes & Noble Education’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Contract liabilities represent an obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which we have received consideration and consists of our deferred revenue liability (deferred revenue). Deferred revenue consists of the following:

advanced payments from customers related to textbook rental performance obligations, which are recognized ratably over the terms of the related rental period;
unsatisfied performance obligations associated with partnership marketing services, which are recognized when the contracted services are provided to our partnership marketing customers; and
unsatisfied performance obligations associated with the premium paid for the sale of treasury shares, which are expected to be recognized over the term of the merchandising contracts for Fanatics and Lids., respectively.

 

Deferred Revenue

The following table presents changes in deferred revenue associated with Barnes & Noble Education's contract liabilities (in thousands):

 

 

From June 10, 2024 to April 30, 2025

 

Deferred revenue as of the acquisition date

 

$

11,044

 

Additions to deferred revenue during the period

 

 

173,969

 

Reductions to deferred revenue for revenue recognized during the period

 

 

(171,447

)

Deferred revenue balance at the end of period

 

$

13,566

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 12, 2026Showing above
2023Mar 11, 2024
2022Feb 22, 2023
2021Feb 25, 2022
2020Mar 5, 2021
2019Mar 6, 2020
2018Feb 27, 2019
2016Mar 3, 2017

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.