Note 9. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible Assets, Net
The components of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands, except for useful life):
Balance at December 31, 2025
Balance at December 31, 2024
Weighted-
Average Useful
Lives (Years)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Licensed IP12.5$271,000$206,391$64,609$271,000$184,854$86,146
Capitalized milestone payments9.9$59,500$6,978$52,522$29,500$2,820$26,680
Other2.0$1,400$1,400$$1,400$423$977
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, was $26.7 million, $23.6 million, and $22.5 million, respectively. Estimated aggregate amortization expense based on the current carrying value of amortizable intangible assets will be as follows for the years ending December 31 (in thousands):
20262027202820292030Thereafter
Amortization expense$27,870$27,870$27,870$6,333$6,333$20,855
Goodwill
There were no material changes to the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 10, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 10, 2025
2023Feb 13, 2024
2022Feb 7, 2023
2021Feb 8, 2022
2020Feb 9, 2021
2019Feb 13, 2020
2018Feb 14, 2019
2017Feb 15, 2018
2016Feb 14, 2017

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.