Property, plant, and equipment consist of the following:
(In thousands)December 28, 2024December 30, 2023
Land$15,884 $10,769 
Buildings105,064 92,631 
Machinery, Equipment, and Leasehold Improvements190,615 161,041 
Construction in Progress4,127 8,909 
 315,690 273,350 
Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization145,359 132,846 
 $170,331 $140,504 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.