Commitments and Contingencies
Agreements with Contract Manufacturing Organizations and Contract Research Organizations
The Company enters into various agreements in the normal course of business with Contract Manufacturing Organizations (“CMOs”), Contract Research Organizations (“CROs”) and other third parties for preclinical research studies, clinical trials and testing and manufacturing services. The agreements with CMOs primarily relate to the manufacturing of our sterile gel that is mixed with in-house produced vectors as part of the final drug product for VYJUVEK. Agreements with third
parties may also include research and development consulting activities, clinical-trial agreements, testing of our clinical-stage, pre-commercial and commercial stage products and/or storage, packaging and labeling. The Company is obligated to make milestone payments under certain of these contracts. The Company has incurred research and development expenses related to commitments under these agreements of $9.3 million, $7.1 million and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject from time to time to various proceedings, lawsuits, disputes, or claims. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies (“ASC 450”), the Company accrues a liability for legal contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred, ASC 450 requires disclosure of a loss contingency. For the year ended December 31, 2025, no loss contingency exists.
In May 2020, PeriphaGen, Inc. (“PeriphaGen”) commenced litigation against the Company alleging breach of contract and misappropriation of trade secrets. In April 2022, the Company and PeriphaGen entered into a final settlement agreement. In exchange for an upfront payment of $25.0 million and four contingent milestone payments of $12.5 million each, PeriphaGen (i) released all claims in the litigation; (ii) transferred certain assets to the Company and (iii) granted the Company a license for dermatological applications.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company paid $31.25 million, and together with the $43.75 million paid prior to 2025, has fully paid the $75.0 million of total consideration in connection with the settlement of the PeriphaGen litigation. The Company recorded litigation settlement expense for the contingent milestone payments of zero, $37.5 million and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
In the first quarter of 2025, the Company and certain of its employees received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice requesting that the Company produce certain documents regarding its sponsored genetic testing program relating to VYJUVEK and commercial practices relating thereto. The Company is cooperating and providing information in response to the subpoenas. It is not possible to estimate the amount of any loss or range of possible loss that might result from this inquiry, and because the final outcome cannot be predicted with certainty, unfavorable or unexpected developments or outcomes could result in a material impact to the Company’s results of operations.
On September 18, 2025, a stockholder filed a derivative complaint in the Court of Chancery of the state of Delaware naming the Company’s directors as defendants and the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and waste of corporate assets based on allegedly excessive non-employee director compensation in each of 2021 through 2024. The complaint seeks unspecified damages in favor of the Company, restitution of compensation and other benefits from the individual defendants, reforms and improvements to the Company’s corporate governance and internal procedures, and the award of costs and disbursements of the complaint, including reasonable attorneys’ fees. The parties have reached an agreement in principle on settlement terms but must still negotiate and execute a definitive settlement agreement, which will be filed with the Delaware Court of Chancery and is subject to court approval. If approved, the Company will adopt, implement, and maintain certain corporate governance reforms for a period of five (5) years. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or estimate the potential loss, if any.
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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 17, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 19, 2025
2023Feb 26, 2024
2022Feb 27, 2023
2021Feb 28, 2022
2020Mar 1, 2021
2019Mar 10, 2020
2017Mar 12, 2018

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.