Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
20252024
Land$35,651 $25,143 
Building and improvements178,248 149,783 
Machinery and equipment321,879 272,188 
Construction in progress69,009 35,919 
Property, plant and equipment, at cost604,787 483,033 
Less: accumulated depreciation(291,364)(253,501)
Total property, plant and equipment, net$313,423 $229,532 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.