18. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business which have not been fully resolved. The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain. When a loss related to a legal proceeding or claim is probable and reasonably estimable, the Company accrues its best estimate for the ultimate resolution of the matter.

As of December 31, 2025, various product-related lawsuits were pending. To the extent permitted under applicable law, all of these are insured with self-insurance retention levels. The Company’s self-insurance retention levels vary by business and have fluctuated over the last 10 years. As of December 31, 2025, the largest self-insured retention level for new occurrences

currently maintained by the Company is $3.0 million per occurrence and applies to product liability claims arising in North America.

As of December 31, 2025, current and long-term product liability reserves were $2.0 million and $6.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, current and long-term product liabilities reserves were $1.4 million and $5.0 million, respectively. Current product liability reserves are included within other liabilities and long-term product liability reserves are included within other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts are not reduced for insurance recoveries for claims above the Company's self-insured retention level. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had zero estimated insurance recoveries included in the other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Reserves for product-related lawsuits were estimated using a combination of actual case reserves and actuarial methods. Based on the Company’s experience in defending product liability claims, management believes the reserves are adequate for estimated case resolutions on aggregate self-insured claims and insured claims. Any recoveries from insurance carriers are dependent upon the legal sufficiency of claims and solvency of insurance carriers.

It is reasonably possible that the estimates for warranty and other related claims, product liability, asbestos-related claims and other various legal matters may change based upon new information that may arise or matters that are beyond the scope of the Company’s historical experience. Presently, there are no reliable methods to estimate the amount of any such potential changes. The ultimate resolution of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

On March 28, 2025, the federal district court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin entered a Consent Decree between the Company and the United States regarding alleged violations of the Transition Program for Equipment Manufacturers (“TPEM program”) relating to the sales of cranes manufactured between January 1, 2014 and July 31, 2017. Pursuant to the Consent Decree, the Company has paid a civil penalty of $42.6 million (plus interest of $0.6 million), and is implementing an emissions mitigation project upgrading a short-line locomotive engine in Maryland for $2.6 million. Completion of the terms in the Consent Decree will settle this matter and release the Company from civil claims under the Clean Air Act related to the Company’s participation in the TPEM program. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has accrued $0.2 million related to the emissions mitigation project within accounts payable and accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 18, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 21, 2025
2023Feb 23, 2024
2022Feb 24, 2023
2021Feb 22, 2022
2020Feb 12, 2021
2019Feb 14, 2020
2018Feb 13, 2019
2017Feb 23, 2018
2016Feb 28, 2017
2015Feb 29, 2016

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.