Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements

Certain financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy which requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument's classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Assets and liabilities whose values are based on observable inputs such as quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Assets and liabilities whose values are based on inputs from quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 - Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The Company classifies its cash equivalents and marketable securities within Level 1 or Level 2 because they are valued using either quoted market prices or inputs other than quoted prices which are directly or indirectly observable in the market, including readily available pricing sources for the identical underlying security which may not be actively traded.

The Company classifies its convertible preferred stock warrants and Convertible Notes within Level 3 and they are measured at fair value using valuation techniques and require significant management judgment or estimation. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024 and 2025, the convertible preferred stock warrant fair value and subsequent fair value adjustments were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the Company's IPO, the convertible preferred stock warrants expired as the performance condition was not met. For further detail, refer to Note 10, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit).

The Company did not have transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy of assets measured at fair value during the periods presented.

Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following tables summarize cash equivalents and marketable securities within significant investment categories by level of input within the fair value hierarchy as of January 31, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

 

 

January 31, 2026

 

 

Amortized
Cost

 

 

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

 

 

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

Cash
Equivalents

 

 

Marketable
Securities

 

Level 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   Money market funds

 

$

81,237

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

81,237

 

 

$

79,103

 

 

$

2,134

 

Level 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   Commercial paper

 

 

437,817

 

 

 

307

 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

438,122

 

 

 

93,817

 

 

 

344,305

 

   Corporate debt securities

 

 

228,455

 

 

 

165

 

 

 

(31

)

 

 

228,589

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

228,588

 

   Asset-backed securities

 

 

23,306

 

 

 

336

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

23,642

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

23,642

 

   Government agency securities

 

 

248,751

 

 

 

96

 

 

 

(94

)

 

 

248,753

 

 

 

121,820

 

 

 

126,934

 

     Total

 

$

1,019,566

 

 

$

904

 

 

$

(127

)

 

$

1,020,343

 

 

$

294,740

 

 

$

725,603

 

 

 

January 31, 2025

 

 

Amortized
Cost

 

 

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

 

 

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

Cash
Equivalents

 

 

Marketable
Securities

 

Level 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   Money market funds

 

$

26,262

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

26,262

 

 

$

24,369

 

 

$

1,903

 

Level 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   Commercial paper

 

 

56,611

 

 

 

10

 

 

 

(3

)

 

 

56,618

 

 

 

24,996

 

 

 

31,622

 

   Corporate debt securities

 

 

26,940

 

 

 

27

 

 

 

(56

)

 

 

26,911

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

26,911

 

   Asset-backed securities

 

 

20,344

 

 

 

30

 

 

 

(131

)

 

 

20,243

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

20,243

 

     Total

 

$

130,157

 

 

$

67

 

 

$

(190

)

 

$

130,034

 

 

$

49,365

 

 

$

80,679

 

Gross unrealized losses within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were immaterial as of January 31, 2026 and 2025. There were no impairment charges due to credit losses during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company's investments by remaining contractual maturity dates as of January 31, 2026 (in thousands):

 

 

Fair Value

 

Due within one year

 

$

461,898

 

Due between one through five years

 

 

263,705

 

     Total

 

$

725,603

 

The Convertible Notes are measured at fair value and are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Prior to the IPO, the fair value of the Convertible Notes was estimated using scenario-based binomial lattice model. The scenarios consist of (a) Scenario 1 - likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an IPO, and (b) Scenario 2 - the Company remains private. Following the IPO, the fair value of the Convertible Notes is estimated using a single-scenario lattice approach that incorporates the trading price of the Company's Class A common stock, risk-free interest rate, and estimated credit spread.

The fair value of the Convertible Notes on their respective issuance dates was the same as the carrying amounts of $401.0 million for the 2028 Notes and $75.0 million for the 2029 Notes.

The following tables summarize the significant quantitative inputs considered in the valuation of Convertible Notes as of January 31, 2026 and 2025:

 

 

 

January 31, 2026

 

 

January 31, 2025

 

Inputs

 

2028 Notes

 

 

2029 Notes

 

 

2028 Notes

 

 

2029 Notes

 

Price per share of common stock

 

$

14.85

 

 

$

14.85

 

 

$

12.41

 

 

$

12.41

 

Conversion premium

 

 

30.0

%

 

 

30.0

%

 

 

30.0

%

 

 

30.0

%

Risk-free rate

 

 

3.6

%

 

 

3.7

%

 

 

4.3

%

 

 

4.3

%

Selected credit spread

 

 

10.0

%

 

 

10.0

%

 

 

13.8

%

 

 

13.8

%

Coupon rate

 

 

3.8

%

 

 

3.0

%

 

 

3.8

%

 

 

3.0

%

Expected volatility

 

 

40.0

%

 

 

40.0

%

 

 

65.0

%

 

 

65.0

%

Time until exit (in years)

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

0.7

 

 

 

0.7

 

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.