8. FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

 

Level 1:

 

Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

 

 

 

Level 2:

 

Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

 

 

 

Level 3:

 

Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing as asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value:

Investment Securities: The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).

Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value: The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan or other observable market data, such as outstanding commitments from third party investors (Level 2).

Derivatives: The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). Our derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.

Individually Evaluated Loans: The fair value of collateral dependent loans with specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Individually evaluated loans may, in some cases, also be measured by the discounted cash flow methodology where payments are anticipated. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for collateral-dependent impaired loans are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by Management. Once received, a member of the Credit Department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal, as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. Appraisals on collateral dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned (consistent for all loan types) are obtained on an annual basis, unless a significant change in the market or other factors warrants a more frequent appraisal. On an annual basis, Management compares the actual selling price of any collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value to determine what additional adjustment should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value for other properties. The most recent analysis performed indicated that a discount up to 15 percent should be applied to appraisals on properties. The discount is determined based on the nature of the underlying properties, aging of appraisal and other factors. For each collateral-dependent impaired loan we consider other factors, such as certain indices or other market information, as well as property specific circumstances to determine if an adjustment to the appraised value is needed. In situations where there is evidence of change in value, the Bank will determine if there is need for an adjustment to the specific reserve on the collateral dependent impaired loans. When the Bank applies an interim adjustment, it generally shows the adjustment as an incremental specific reserve against the loan until it has received the full updated appraisal. All

collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned valuations were supported by an appraisal less than 12 months old or in the process of obtaining an appraisal as of December 31, 2025.

The following tables summarize, at the dates indicated, assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial assets for which the Company has elected the fair value option:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prices In

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Active

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Markets

 

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For

 

 

Other

 

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

 

Identical

 

 

Observable

 

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets

 

 

Inputs

 

 

Inputs

 

(In thousands)

 

December 31, 2025

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Securities available for sale:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government-sponsored agencies

 

$

211,223

 

 

$

 

 

$

211,223

 

 

$

 

Mortgage-backed securities-residential

 

 

530,365

 

 

 

 

 

 

530,365

 

 

 

 

SBA pool securities

 

 

17,212

 

 

 

 

 

 

17,212

 

 

 

 

Corporate bond

 

 

15,403

 

 

 

 

 

 

15,403

 

 

 

 

CRA investment fund

 

 

13,459

 

 

 

13,459

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Cash flow hedges

 

 

2,441

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,441

 

 

 

 

Loan level swaps

 

 

8,376

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,376

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

798,479

 

 

$

13,459

 

 

$

785,020

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Cash flow hedges

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

Loan level swaps

 

 

8,376

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,376

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

8,388

 

 

$

 

 

$

8,388

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Securities available for sale:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government-sponsored agencies

 

$

196,914

 

 

$

 

 

$

196,914

 

 

$

 

Mortgage-backed securities-residential

 

 

548,612

 

 

 

 

 

 

548,612

 

 

 

 

SBA pool securities

 

 

24,482

 

 

 

 

 

 

24,482

 

 

 

 

Corporate bond

 

 

14,536

 

 

 

 

 

 

14,536

 

 

 

 

CRA investment fund

 

 

13,041

 

 

 

13,041

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Cash flow hedges

 

 

7,815

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,815

 

 

 

 

Loan level swaps

 

 

22,275

 

 

 

 

 

 

22,275

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

827,675

 

 

$

13,041

 

 

$

814,634

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loan level swaps

 

 

22,275

 

 

 

 

 

 

22,275

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

22,275

 

 

$

 

 

$

22,275

 

 

$

 

 

The Company has elected the fair value option for certain loans held for sale. These loans are intended for sale and the Company believes that the fair value is the best indicator of the resolution of these loans. Interest income is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loan and in accordance with the Company’s policy on loans held for investment. None of these loans are 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following table presents residential loans held for sale, at fair value, at the dates indicated:

 

 

 

December 31, 2025

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

Residential loans contractual balance

 

$

445

 

 

$

 

Fair value adjustment

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

Total fair value of residential loans held for sale

 

$

450

 

 

$

 

 

The following tables summarize, at the date indicated, assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prices In

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Active

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Markets

 

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For

 

 

Other

 

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

 

Identical

 

 

Observable

 

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets

 

 

Inputs

 

 

Inputs

 

(In thousands)

 

December 31, 2025

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Individually evaluated loans:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Multifamily property (A)

 

$

13,098

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

13,098

 

Investment commercial real estate (A)

 

 

935

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

935

 

Commercial and industrial (A)

 

 

6,575

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,575

 

(A) These amounts represent the carrying amounts on the Consolidated Statements of Condition for individually evaluated loans.

 

The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement of collateral for individually evaluated loans primarily relate to customized discounting criteria applied to the customer’s reported amount of collateral. The amount of the collateral discount depends upon the condition and marketability of the underlying collateral. As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to monetize the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, less marketable collateral would receive a larger discount. During the reported periods, collateral discounts ranged from approximately 10 percent to 50 percent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prices In

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Active

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Markets

 

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For

 

 

Other

 

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

 

Identical

 

 

Observable

 

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets

 

 

Inputs

 

 

Inputs

 

(In thousands)

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Individually evaluated loans:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Multifamily property (A)

 

$

32,661

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

32,661

 

Investment commercial real estate (A)

 

 

1,195

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,195

 

Commercial and industrial (A)

 

 

21,465

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21,465

 

Lease financing (A)

 

 

679

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

679

 

(A) These amounts represent the carrying amounts on the Consolidated Statements of Condition for individually evaluated loans.

 

The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement of collateral for individually evaluated loans primarily relate to customized discounting criteria applied to the customer’s reported amount of collateral. The amount of the collateral discount depends upon the condition and marketability of the underlying collateral. As the Company’s primary

objective in the event of default would be to monetize the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, less marketable collateral would receive a larger discount. During the reported periods, collateral discounts ranged from approximately 10 percent to 50 percent.

 

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2025 are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2025 Using

 

(In thousands)

 

Carrying
Amount

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

Total

 

Financial assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

187,820

 

 

$

187,820

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

187,820

 

Securities available for sale

 

 

774,203

 

 

 

 

 

 

774,203

 

 

 

 

 

 

774,203

 

Securities held to maturity

 

 

95,862

 

 

 

 

 

 

87,491

 

 

 

 

 

 

87,491

 

CRA investment fund

 

 

13,459

 

 

 

13,459

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13,459

 

FHLB and FRB stock

 

 

14,605

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N/A

 

Loans held for sale, at fair value

 

 

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

450

 

Loans held for sale, at lower of cost
   or fair value

 

 

4,437

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,819

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,819

 

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses

 

 

6,182,697

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,172,779

 

 

 

6,172,779

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

 

31,971

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,441

 

 

 

28,530

 

 

 

31,971

 

Accrued interest receivable loan
   level swaps (A)

 

 

541

 

 

 

 

 

 

541

 

 

 

 

 

 

541

 

Cash flow hedges

 

 

2,441

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,441

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,441

 

Loan level swaps

 

 

7,835

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,835

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,835

 

Financial liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deposits

 

$

6,588,979

 

 

$

6,180,360

 

 

$

406,932

 

 

$

 

 

$

6,587,292

 

Short-term borrowings

 

 

73,267

 

 

 

 

 

 

73,267

 

 

 

 

 

 

73,267

 

Subordinated debt

 

 

99,030

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

97,388

 

 

 

97,388

 

Accrued interest payable

 

 

5,788

 

 

 

5,025

 

 

 

744

 

 

 

19

 

 

 

5,788

 

Accrued interest payable loan
   level swaps (B)

 

 

541

 

 

 

 

 

 

541

 

 

 

 

 

 

541

 

Cash flow hedges

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

Loan level swaps

 

 

7,835

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,835

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,835

 

 

(A)
Included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition.
(B)
Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Condition.

 

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2024 are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using

 

(In thousands)

 

Carrying
Amount

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

Total

 

Financial assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

391,367

 

 

$

391,367

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

391,367

 

Securities available for sale

 

 

784,544

 

 

 

 

 

 

784,544

 

 

 

 

 

 

784,544

 

Securities held to maturity

 

 

101,635

 

 

 

 

 

 

88,650

 

 

 

 

 

 

88,650

 

CRA investment fund

 

 

13,041

 

 

 

13,041

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13,041

 

FHLB and FRB stock

 

 

12,373

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N/A

 

Loans held for sale, at lower of cost
   or fair value

 

 

8,594

 

 

 

 

 

 

9,315

 

 

 

 

 

 

9,315

 

Loans, net of allowance for loan losses

 

 

5,439,334

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,198,085

 

 

 

5,198,085

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

 

29,898

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,695

 

 

 

26,203

 

 

 

29,898

 

Accrued interest receivable loan level
   swaps (A)

 

 

849

 

 

 

 

 

 

849

 

 

 

 

 

 

849

 

Cash flow hedges

 

 

7,815

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,815

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,815

 

Loan level swaps

 

 

21,426

 

 

 

 

 

 

21,426

 

 

 

 

 

 

21,426

 

Financial liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deposits

 

$

6,129,022

 

 

$

5,638,163

 

 

$

488,026

 

 

$

 

 

$

6,126,189

 

Subordinated debt

 

 

133,561

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

125,750

 

 

 

125,750

 

Accrued interest payable

 

 

8,354

 

 

 

6,327

 

 

 

1,881

 

 

 

146

 

 

 

8,354

 

Accrued interest payable loan level
   swaps (B)

 

 

849

 

 

 

 

 

 

849

 

 

 

 

 

 

849

 

Loan level swaps

 

 

21,426

 

 

 

 

 

 

21,426

 

 

 

 

 

 

21,426

 

 

(A) Included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition.

(B) Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Condition.

 

The methods and assumptions, not previously presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values and are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2. Cash and due from banks is classified as Level 1.

CRA investment fund: The fair value of the investment fund is determined by quoted prices in an active market.

FHLB and FRB stock: It is not practicable to determine the fair value of FHLB or FRB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.

Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value: The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan or other observable market data, such as outstanding commitments from third party investors. Loans held for sale are classified as Level 2.

Loans: At December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the exit price observations are obtained from a third-party using its proprietary valuation model and methodology and may not reflect actual or prospective market valuations. The valuation utilizes a discounted cash-flow based model relying on various assumptions including the probability of default, loss given default, portfolio liquidity and remaining term of the portfolio.

Deposits: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date, (i.e., the carrying amount) resulting in a Level 1 classification. The carrying amounts of variable-rate certificates of deposit approximate the fair values at the reporting date resulting in Level 2 classification. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Overnight borrowings: The carrying amounts of overnight borrowings approximate fair values and are classified as Level 2.

Federal Home Loan Bank advances: The fair values of the Company’s long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Subordinated debentures: The fair values of the Company’s subordinated debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 3 classification.

Accrued interest receivable/payable: The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value resulting in a Level 2 or Level 3 classification. Accrued interest on deposits and securities are included in Level 2. Accrued interest on loans and subordinated debt are included in Level 3.

Off-balance sheet instruments: Fair values for off-balance sheet, credit-related financial instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The fair value of commitments is not material.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 11, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 12, 2025
2023Mar 12, 2024
2022Mar 13, 2023

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.