(20) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Our revenues from contracts with customers primarily include:

Commissions and fees earned for the marketing and distribution of investment and savings products managed and/or underwritten by mutual fund companies, annuity providers, and other asset managers. For purposes of revenue recognition, mutual fund companies, annuity providers, and other asset managers are considered the customers in marketing and distribution arrangements;
Fees earned for investment advisory and administrative services within our managed investments program and shareholder service fees earned in Canada for mutual funds for which we serve as principal distributor;
Account-based fees for transfer agent recordkeeping functions and non-bank custodial services;
Fees associated with mortgage distribution and the distribution of other third-party financial products; and
Other revenue from the sale of miscellaneous products and services including monthly subscription fees from the independent sales representatives for access to POL, our primary independent sales force support tool.

Premiums from insurance contracts we underwrite, fees received from segregated funds insurance contracts we underwrite, and income earned on our invested assets are excluded from the definition of revenues from contracts with customers in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The disaggregation of our revenues from contracts with customers were as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Term Life Insurance segment revenues:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Other, net

 

$

48,122

 

 

$

52,306

 

 

$

48,286

 

    Total segment revenues from contracts with customers

 

 

48,122

 

 

 

52,306

 

 

 

48,286

 

  Revenues from sources other than contracts with customers

 

 

1,771,687

 

 

 

1,715,934

 

 

 

1,644,756

 

      Total Term Life Insurance segment revenues

 

$

1,819,809

 

 

$

1,768,240

 

 

$

1,693,042

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment and Savings Products segment revenues:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Commissions and fees:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    Sales-based revenues

 

$

477,146

 

 

$

394,432

 

 

$

296,617

 

    Asset-based revenues

 

 

607,617

 

 

 

498,948

 

 

 

408,327

 

    Account-based revenues

 

 

97,355

 

 

 

95,272

 

 

 

93,189

 

  Other, net

 

 

13,288

 

 

 

13,483

 

 

 

12,504

 

      Total segment revenues from contracts with customers

 

 

1,195,406

 

 

 

1,002,135

 

 

 

810,637

 

  Revenues from sources other than contracts
    with customers (segregated funds)

 

 

52,826

 

 

 

54,607

 

 

 

54,628

 

        Total Investment and Savings Products segment revenues

 

$

1,248,232

 

 

$

1,056,742

 

 

$

865,265

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate and Other Distributed Products segment revenues:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Commissions and fees

 

$

40,920

 

 

$

39,630

 

 

$

40,092

 

  Other, net

 

 

4,200

 

 

 

3,557

 

 

 

4,609

 

    Total segment revenues from contracts with customers

 

 

45,120

 

 

 

43,187

 

 

 

44,701

 

  Revenues from sources other than contracts with customers

 

 

178,552

 

 

 

220,974

 

 

 

145,499

 

        Total Corporate and Other Distributed Products segment revenues

 

$

223,672

 

 

$

264,161

 

 

$

190,200

 

 

We recognize revenue upon the satisfaction of the related performance obligation, unless the transaction price includes variable consideration that is constrained; in such case, we recognize revenue when the uncertainty associated with the constrained amount is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration is not treated as constrained to the extent it is probable that no significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. We have no material obligations for refunds of commission and fees on contracts with customers subsequent to completion of our performance obligation.

Investment and Savings Products Marketing and Distribution Services. We receive commissions and fees from mutual fund companies, annuity providers, and other asset managers for the marketing and distribution by the licensed independent sales representatives of investment and savings products managed and/or underwritten by such companies and providers. We recognize the sales-based marketing and distribution revenue received from such companies and providers at the point in time our performance obligation to them is satisfied, which is the trade date. The sales-based commissions from such companies and providers are known and are due at the same time our performance obligation to such companies and providers is satisfied. We also receive ongoing asset-based commissions from such companies and providers each reporting period based on client asset values. We do not recognize revenue for asset-based marketing and distribution commissions until the end of each subsequent reporting period when the amount becomes known and due from such companies or providers as this revenue represents variable consideration that is fully constrained at the point in time our distinct performance obligation to such companies and providers is satisfied. We consider variable consideration in the form of asset-based marketing and distribution commissions to be fully constrained as the amounts we will be entitled to collect are highly uncertain and susceptible to factors outside of our control. Such factors include the market values of assets under management and the length of time investors hold their accounts. Asset-based marketing and distribution commissions recognized during the current period are almost exclusively attributable to distinct performance obligations satisfied to such fund companies and providers in previous periods.

Investment Advisory and Administrative Services. We provide investment advisory and administrative services over time to investors in the managed investments program we offer. We recognize revenue as our performance obligation is satisfied over time for daily investment advisory and administrative services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of delivery. Fees for these services, which are based on a percentage of client assets in the managed investments program, become known and are charged to investors during the same reporting period in which the daily investment advisory and administrative services are performed.

 

Shareholder Services. We provide shareholder services over time to investors in the mutual funds in which we serve as the principal distributor in Canada. We recognize revenue as our performance obligation is satisfied over time for shareholder services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of delivery. Fees for these services, which are based on a percentage of client assets

in the mutual funds, become known and are charged to investors during the same reporting period in which the shareholder services are performed.

Account-based Services. We provide distinct transfer agent recordkeeping services for certain mutual funds we distribute and non-bank custodial services to investors purchasing investment products we distribute through qualified retirement accounts in the United States. Fees charged for these account-based services consist primarily of a stated fee for each investment position or each qualified retirement account. Generally, our performance obligation for each account-based service arrangement is satisfied over time and is substantially the same with the same pattern of delivery. We recognize revenue to which we are entitled for each investment position or each qualified account over time based on the time-based pro-rata amount earned each reporting period.

Distribution of Other Third-party Financial Products. We distribute various other financial products on behalf of third parties to consumers. We receive up-front commissions and/or renewal commissions from product providers for sales of other financial product sales we have arranged. We recognize revenue at the point in time our performance obligation to product providers is satisfied, which is generally on the date the financial product is purchased by the consumer from the product provider. For certain financial products, most notably prepaid legal subscriptions and auto and homeowners’ insurance referrals, we receive ongoing renewal commissions that coincide with recurring payments received by product providers from active subscribers or policyholders. Ongoing renewal commissions represent variable consideration that will not be resolved until after the reporting period in which our performance obligation has been satisfied. We estimate variable consideration in the transaction price for these financial products (with the exception of miscellaneous products for which we expect nominal ongoing commissions) as the expected amount of commissions to be received over the life of the subscription or referred policy and apply a constraint so that it is probable that a subsequent change in estimate will not result in a significant revenue reversal. Management judgment primarily is required to determine the average life of a subscription or referred policy, which we establish based on historical information. We recognize variable consideration in excess of the amount constrained in subsequent reporting periods when the uncertainty is resolved and the excess amounts are due from the product providers.

Revenue for Other Services. We recognize revenue from the sale of other miscellaneous products and services, including monthly subscription fees from the independent sales representatives for access to POL, upon the transfer of the promised product or service. For POL subscriptions, we satisfy our performance obligation by providing subscribers access to the promised services over time during each monthly subscription period. Revenue recognized from the sale of other miscellaneous products and services becomes known and charged at the same time we satisfy the corresponding performance obligation.

Renewal Commissions Receivable. For revenue associated with ongoing renewal commissions in the Corporate and Other Distributed Products segment, we record a renewal commission receivable contract asset for the amount of ongoing renewal commissions we anticipate collecting in reporting periods subsequent to the satisfaction of the performance obligation, less amounts that are constrained in Other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The renewal commissions receivable is reduced for commissions that are billed and become due receivables from product providers during the reporting period.

Activity in the renewal commissions receivable account was as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Balance, beginning of period

 

$

58,079

 

 

$

61,372

 

 

$

60,644

 

Commissions revenue

 

 

21,069

 

 

 

21,955

 

 

 

25,188

 

Less: collections

 

 

(24,827

)

 

 

(25,248

)

 

 

(24,460

)

Balance, at the end of period

 

$

54,321

 

 

$

58,079

 

 

$

61,372

 

 

Incremental costs to obtain or fulfill contracts, most notably sales commissions to the independent sales representatives, are not incurred prior to the recognition of the related revenue. Therefore, we have no assets recognized for incremental costs to obtain or fulfill contracts.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 27, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 28, 2024
2022Feb 28, 2023
2021Mar 1, 2022
2020Mar 1, 2021
2019Feb 28, 2020
2018Feb 26, 2019

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.