(16) Share-Based Transactions

The Company has outstanding equity awards under the Primerica, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “OIP”), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on May 13, 2020. The OIP provides for the issuance of equity awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, deferred stock, RSUs, PSUs, and stock payment awards, as well as cash-based awards. In addition to time-based vesting requirements, awards granted under the OIP may also be subject to specified performance criteria. Under the OIP, the Company issues equity awards to our management (officers and other key employees), non-employees who serve on our Board, and independent sales force leaders. As of December 31, 2025, we had 1.0 million shares available for future grants under the 2020 OIP.

Employee and Director Share-Based Compensation. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding RSUs and PSUs issued to our management (officers and other key employees), as well as RSUs issued to our directors, under the OIP.

RSUs.

RSUs granted to management generally have time-based vesting requirements with equal and annual graded vesting over approximately three years subsequent to the grant date, but also generally vest upon voluntary termination of employment by any employee who is “retirement eligible” as of his or her termination date. The substantive service conditions in order to be retirement eligible require that an employee must be at least 55 years old and his or her age plus years of service with the Company must equal at least 75.
RSUs granted to directors have time-based vesting requirements with equal and quarterly graded vesting over four quarters subsequent to the grant date.
In addition, certain directors elected to defer their cash and/or equity retainers into deferred RSUs, which vest immediately (for cash deferrals) or, if applicable, on the dates the RSUs would have vested.

All of our outstanding employee and director RSU awards are eligible for dividend equivalents regardless of vesting status.

We recognized expense and tax benefit offsets as follows for employee and director RSU share-based compensation (inclusive of discontinued operations):

 

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Total equity awards expense recognized

 

$

13,972

 

 

$

16,733

 

 

$

11,854

 

Tax benefit associated with total employee and director
  share-based compensation

 

 

1,788

 

 

 

2,263

 

 

 

1,874

 

 

The following table summarizes employee and director RSU activity, which excludes director deferred shares, during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 (inclusive of discontinued operations).

 

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted-average measurement-date fair value per share

 

 

 

(Shares in thousands)

 

Unvested employee and director RSUs, December 31, 2022

 

 

173

 

 

$

131.78

 

Granted

 

 

67

 

 

 

185.71

 

Forfeited

 

 

(3

)

 

 

155.49

 

Vested

 

 

(91

)

 

 

132.72

 

Unvested employee and director RSUs, December 31, 2023

 

 

146

 

 

 

155.63

 

Granted

 

 

65

 

 

 

247.36

 

Forfeited

 

 

(3

)

 

 

182.99

 

Vested

 

 

(99

)

 

 

159.99

 

Unvested employee and director RSUs, December 31, 2024

 

 

109

 

 

 

205.46

 

Granted

 

 

54

 

 

 

282.70

 

Forfeited

 

*

 

 

 

263.33

 

Vested

 

 

(66

)

 

 

190.84

 

Unvested employee and director RSUs, December 31, 2025

 

 

97

 

 

 

258.22

 

 

* Less than 1 thousand shares.

 

As of December 31, 2025, total compensation cost not yet recognized in our consolidated financial statements related to employee and director RSU awards with time-based vesting conditions yet to be reached was $5.8 million, and the weighted-average period over which cost will be recognized was 0.8 years.

PSUs.

The Company issued PSUs to certain of its executive officers under the OIP as part of their annual equity compensation. To date, PSU awards have included a performance target of a specified average annual Return on Adjusted Equity (“ROAE”) and EPS growth (starting with the 2020 award) for the Company over a three-year performance period, as well as a threshold ROAE and EPS growth below which no shares would be earned and an ROAE and EPS growth metric at which the maximum number of shares can be earned. Awards are earned two months after the performance period ends. Depending on the ROAE and EPS growth, if applicable, achieved within the specified range, recipients may receive shares of common stock equal to between 0% and 150% of the number of PSUs granted. In addition, PSUs accrue forfeitable dividend equivalents, which are also paid out based on the number of shares earned.

PSU awards provide for vesting upon the voluntary termination of employment by any employee who is “retirement eligible” as of his or her termination date. The number of shares that will be earned for a retirement-eligible employee is equal to the amount calculated using the Company’s actual performance metrics for the entire performance period, even if that employee retires prior to the completion of the performance period.

In connection with our granting of PSU awards, we recognized expense and tax benefit offsets as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Total employee PSU award expense

 

$

5,986

 

 

$

3,563

 

 

$

2,565

 

Tax benefit associated with total employee PSU award expense

 

 

137

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

The following table summarizes PSU activity during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

 

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted-average measurement-date fair value per share

 

 

 

(Shares in thousands)

 

Unvested employee PSUs, December 31, 2022 (1)

 

 

74

 

 

$

130.97

 

Granted

 

 

17

 

 

 

185.24

 

Forfeited

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Performance Adjustment

 

 

(5

)

 

 

121.42

 

Vested

 

 

(21

)

 

 

121.42

 

Unvested employee PSUs, December 31, 2023 (1)

 

 

65

 

 

 

148.94

 

Granted

 

 

15

 

 

 

244.89

 

Forfeited

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Performance Adjustment

 

 

(6

)

 

 

143.04

 

Vested

 

 

(15

)

 

 

143.04

 

Unvested employee PSUs, December 31, 2024 (1)

 

 

59

 

 

 

175.70

 

Granted

 

 

12

 

 

 

284.14

 

Forfeited

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Performance Adjustment

 

 

2

 

 

 

130.30

 

Vested

 

 

(29

)

 

 

130.30

 

Unvested employee PSUs, December 31, 2025 (1)

 

 

44

 

 

 

232.87

 

 

(1)
The 2023 PSU awards outstanding were based on the actual performance for the 2023 to 2025 performance period. As a result of the performance achieved during the performance period, recipients received an aggregate of 25,451 shares of common stock on the vesting date of March 1, 2026, reflecting a payout rate of 148.5%. The 2024 PSU awards outstanding are based on target. Depending upon the performance achieved during the performance period, recipients may receive between 0 and 22,508 shares of common stock. The 2025 PSU awards outstanding are based on target. Depending upon the performance achieved during the performance period, recipients may receive between 0 and 18,606 shares of common stock.

As of December 31, 2025 the Company had $0.7 million of unrecognized compensation related to PSU awards.

Stock Options. From 2013 to 2016, the Company issued stock options to certain of its executive officers under the OIP as part of their annual equity compensation. Stock options were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date, and they would expire 10 years from the date of grant. These options had time-based restrictions with equal and annual graded vesting over a three-year period. We did not issue any stock options and we did not have any compensation expense or related tax benefits for stock option awards during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 or 2023. All remaining stock options representing approximately 60,000 shares were exercised with a weighted average exercise price of $44.62 during the year ended December 31, 2023. The intrinsic value of the options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $8.6 million, and the value of issued shares withheld to satisfy option exercise price was $2.7 million.

Non-Employee Share-Based Compensation. Non-employee share-based transactions relate to the granting of RSUs to members of the independent sales force (“agent equity awards”). Agent equity awards are generally granted as a part of quarterly contests for successful life insurance policy acquisitions and for sales of investment and savings products for which the grant and the service period occur within the same quarterly reporting period.

The following table summarizes non-employee RSU activity during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

 

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted-average measurement-date fair value per share

 

 

 

(Shares in thousands)

 

Unvested non-employee RSUs, December 31, 2022

 

 

32

 

 

$

141.60

 

Granted

 

 

79

 

 

 

189.64

 

Vested

 

 

(86

)

 

 

167.07

 

Unvested non-employee RSUs, December 31, 2023

 

 

25

 

 

 

205.67

 

Granted

 

 

59

 

 

 

255.05

 

Vested

 

 

(68

)

 

 

232.49

 

Unvested non-employee RSUs, December 31, 2024

 

 

16

 

 

 

271.72

 

Granted

 

 

42

 

 

 

272.75

 

Vested

 

 

(45

)

 

 

275.49

 

Unvested non-employee RSUs, December 31, 2025

 

 

13

 

 

 

262.16

 

 

Agent equity awards are measured using the fair market value at the grant date and vest during the service period, which generally occur within the same quarterly reporting period.

 

To the extent that these awards are an incremental direct cost of successful acquisitions of life insurance policies that result directly from and are essential to the policy acquisition(s) and would not have been incurred had the policy acquisition(s) not occurred, we defer and amortize the fair value of the awards in the same manner as other deferred policy acquisition costs. All agent equity awards that are not directly related to the acquisition of life insurance policies are recognized as expense in the quarter earned.

Details on the granting and valuation of these awards were as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Quarterly incentive awards expense recognized currently

 

$

4,642

 

 

$

4,778

 

 

$

4,492

 

Quarterly incentive awards expense deferred

 

 

8,485

 

 

 

10,334

 

 

 

10,546

 

Tax benefit associated with incentive awards

 

 

2,487

 

 

 

2,939

 

 

 

2,965

 

 

As of December 31, 2025, all agent equity awards were fully vested with the exception of approximately 13,354 shares that vested on January 1, 2026.

 

The following table summarizes non-cash share-based compensation expense by segment included in income from continuing operations:

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Term Life Insurance segment

 

$

3,224

 

 

$

4,974

 

 

$

4,285

 

Investment and Savings Products segment

 

 

3,333

 

 

 

3,171

 

 

 

2,927

 

Corporate and Other Distributed Products segment

 

 

18,043

 

 

 

15,390

 

 

 

11,031

 

Total non-cash share-based compensation expense

 

$

24,600

 

 

$

23,535

 

 

$

18,243

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 27, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 28, 2024
2022Feb 28, 2023
2021Mar 1, 2022
2020Mar 1, 2021
2019Feb 28, 2020
2018Feb 26, 2019
2017Feb 26, 2018
2016Feb 27, 2017
2015Feb 25, 2016

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.