7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

 

The following tables provide a summary of the assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis and where they are classified within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

   

December 31, 2025

 
   

Level 1

   

Level 2

   

Level 3

   

Total

 

Assets:

                               

Money market funds (cash equivalents)

  $ 13,228,720     $     $     $ 13,228,720  

Total assets measured and recorded at fair value

  $ 13,228,720     $     $     $ 13,228,720  

 

   

December 31, 2024

 
   

Level 1

   

Level 2

   

Level 3

   

Total

 

Assets:

                               

Money market funds (cash equivalents)

  $ 12,203,627     $     $     $ 12,203,627  

Total assets measured and recorded at fair value

  $ 12,203,627     $     $     $ 12,203,627  

Liabilities:

                               

Warrant liabilities

  $     $     $ 89,010     $ 89,010  

Total liabilities measured and recorded at fair value

  $     $     $ 89,010     $ 89,010  

 

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of the warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

 

   

Year Ended December 31,

 
   

2025

   

2024

 

Balance, beginning of period

  $ 89,010     $ 806,655  

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

    (89,010 )     (717,645 )

Balance, end of period

  $     $ 89,010  

 

In prior years, the Company issued warrants to purchase 27,816 shares of common stock in a private-placement (the "Private Warrants") and classified the warrants as derivative liabilities, pursuant to ASC 815, as the Private Warrants have an exercise price that is subject to potential adjustment, with subsequent changes in their fair values to be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations at each reporting date. The Company calculated the fair value of the Private Warrants as of December 31, 2024 as $89,010 using a Lattice model. The Private Warrants expired on December 14, 2025. Upon expiration, the associated warrant liabilities were derecognized, and the remaining fair value was written off through the consolidated statement of operations.

 

The assumptions and key inputs used in the Lattice calculation were the following:

 

   

December 31, 2024

 

Risk-free interest rate

    4.17 %

Remaining expected term of Private Warrants

    0.95  

Expected volatility(1)

    128.70 %

Stock price on valuation date

  $ 36.20  

Exercise price

  $ 230.00  

Expected dividend

    %

(1) Based on volatility implied by the Company's publicly traded warrant market price.

 

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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 30, 2026Showing above
2024Apr 3, 2025
2023Apr 15, 2024
2022Mar 30, 2023
2020May 4, 2020
2019May 22, 2019

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.