Property, plant and equipment and related accumulated depreciation, including equipment under finance leases, as of December 31, consisted of the following:
20252024
Property, plant and equipment:
Land$27.9 $24.1 
Buildings and improvements144.0 134.1 
Machinery and manufacturing equipment243.5 210.4 
Office equipment59.1 122.2 
Construction in progress4.3 4.5 
Total property, plant and equipment478.8 495.3 
Less: accumulated depreciation(289.0)(310.9)
Property, plant and equipment, net$189.8 $184.4 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.