The major classes of depreciable assets are as follows:
 December 31,
In millions20252024
Machinery and equipment$1,898 $1,666 
Buildings and improvements852 810
Land and improvements121 106 
Construction in progress236 171 
Property, plant and equipment3,107 2,753 
Less: accumulated depreciation(1,491)(1,306)
Property, plant and equipment, net$1,616 $1,447 
 The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
 Years
Land improvements
10 to 20
Building and improvements
15 to 40
Machinery and equipment
3 to 15

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 13, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 12, 2025
2023Feb 14, 2024
2022Feb 15, 2023
2021Feb 17, 2022
2020Feb 19, 2021
2019Feb 24, 2020
2018Feb 27, 2019
2017Feb 26, 2018
2016Feb 28, 2017
2015Feb 19, 2016

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.