(17)
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):
Fiscal Year
December 27,
2025
December 28,
2024
December 30,
2023
Royalty revenue$292,466 $259,632 $186,455 
Advertising fees247,619 217,630 157,138 
Franchise fees6,505 6,080 5,064 
Franchise fee, development fees, and international territory fee payments received by the Company are recorded as deferred revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which represents a contract liability. Deferred revenue is reduced as fees are recognized in revenue over the term of the franchise license for the respective restaurant. As the term of the franchise license is typically ten years, substantially all of the franchise fee revenue recognized in the current fiscal year was included in the
deferred revenue balance as of December 28, 2024. Approximately $13.6 million and $13.5 million of deferred revenue as of December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, respectively, relates to restaurants that were not yet opened, so the fees are not yet being amortized. The weighted average remaining amortization period for deferred franchise and renewal fees related to open restaurants is 7.5 years. The Company did not have any material contract assets as of December 27, 2025.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 18, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 19, 2025
2023Feb 21, 2024
2022Feb 22, 2023
2021Feb 16, 2022
2020Feb 18, 2021
2019Feb 19, 2020
2018Feb 27, 2019

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.