Premises and equipment are summarized in the following table:
As of December 31,
(dollars in thousands)20252024
Premises and equipment
Land and improvements
$50,147 $42,565 
Buildings and improvements
194,925 130,185 
Furniture and equipment
64,108 53,945 
Premises and equipment, gross
309,180 226,695 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(115,736)(107,875)
Premises and equipment, net
$193,444 $118,820 
Depreciation expense is presented in the table below:
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)202520242023
Depreciation and amortization expense$12,926 $9,503 $9,488 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.