Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Years Ended December 31,
20242023
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders$(17,397,603)$(32,215,790)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted646,329 79,827 
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted$(26.92)$(403.57)
The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:
Years Ended December 31,
20242023
Stock options issued and outstanding1,9166,906 
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding4,7431,117 
Public warrants7,1887,188 
Private warrants341341 
PIPE warrants3,3843,384 
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants— 15,000 
Stonepeak and Evolve options— 12,500 
Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-Funded Warrants— 11,267 
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants10,000 10,000 
Underwriter Warrant - February 2024 offering25,500 — 
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series A480,000 — 
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series C30,000 — 
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants 1,102,295 — 
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants85,287 — 
Total1,750,65467,703 

About Earnings Per Share Disclosures

The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.

Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.